Amorphous Nanomaterials

Covers the fundamental concept, synthesis,characterization, properties, and applications of nanoscaled amorphous materials.

Das E-Book Amorphous Nanomaterials wird angeboten von Wiley-VCH GmbH und wurde mit folgenden Begriffen kategorisiert:

Anorganische Chemie, Chemie, Chemistry, Elektronische Materialien, Festkörperchemie, Inorganic Chemistry, Materials Characterization, Materials Science, Materialwissenschaften, Nanomaterialien, Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologie, Nanotechnology, Werkstoffprüfung

Auteur

Lin Guo, Professor, is the executive dean of School of Chemistry, Beihang University, China. He has received several scientific awards including the Humboldt Fellowship Award, Germany in 2001, the Outstanding Youth Fund from Nature Science Foundation of China in 2007, the Yangtze River Scholars Distinguished Professor in 2011, and Second Prize of National Natural Science of China in 2013. Also, he was awarded the Fellow of the Royal Society Chemistry in 2015. His research interests focus on synthesis, characterization, and applications of zero-, one-, two- and threedimensional nanomaterials.

Texte du rabat

A valuable overview covering important fundamental and applicative aspects of amorphous nanomaterials!

Amorphous nanomaterials are very important in non-crystalline solids, which have emerged as a new category of advanced materials. Compared to the crystalline counterpart, amorphous nanomaterials with isotropic nature always exhibit fast ion diffusion, relieved strain, and higher reactivity, enabling such materials to exhibit high performance in mechanics and catalysis, as well as other interesting properties. Amorphous Nanomaterials: Preparation, Characterization, and Applications covers the fundamental concept, synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications of nanoscaled amorphous materials. It starts with the introduction of amorphous materials, then gives a global view of the history, structure, and growth mechanism of amorphous nanomaterials. Subsequently, some powerful techniques to characterize amorphous materials, such as X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, spherical aberration electron microscope, in-situ-Transmission Electron Microscope, Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy, and some other defect characterization technologies are included. Furthermore, the emerging innovative methods to fabricate well-defined, regularshaped amorphous nanomaterials, including zero-, one-, two-, and three-dimensional amorphous nanomaterials are systematically introduced. The fascinating properties and applications related to amorphous nanomaterials including the applications in electrocatalysis, batteries, supercapacitors, photocatalysis, mechanics, etc., are presented. It will greatly help the researchers to find professional answers related to amorphous materials.

• Great topic: amorphous nanomaterials are a very large and important field in both academia and industry
• Comprehensive: in-depth discussion of various important aspects, from both a fundamental and an applied point of view, on the chemistry, physics and technological importance of the amorphous nanomaterials are presented
• Vitally needed: the understanding of the fundamentals of amorphous nanomaterials is a prerequisite for devising new applications of such materials
• Highly relevant: amorphous nanomaterials have found specific applications in chemistry, catalysis, physics, sensing, batteries, supercapacitors, and engineering Amorphous Nanomaterials is a vital resource for materials scientists, inorganic and physical chemists, solid state chemists, physicists, catalytic and analytical chemists, as well as organic chemists.

Contenu
Foreword xi

Preface xiii

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Introduction of Amorphous Materials 1

1.2 Structural Differences between Amorphous Materials and Crystals 3

1.2.1 Crystals and Quasicrystals 3

1.2.2 Amorphous Materials 5

1.3 History of Amorphous Materials 7

1.3.1 Establishment of Crystallography 8

1.3.2 Enlightenment of Amorphous Materials 9

1.3.3 Modern Amorphous Materials 1-Disordered Elementary Substance 10

1.3.4 Modern Amorphous Materials 2-Metallic Glass 11

1.3.5 Modern Amorphous Materials 3-Nontraditional Amorphous Nanomaterials 14

1.4 Growth Mechanisms of Amorphous Nanomaterials 15

1.4.1 Classical Nucleation Theory 15

1.4.2 Multistep Transformation Mechanism with Amorphous Participation 17

1.4.3 Complex Growth Process in Solution 19

1.5 Summary and Outlook 19

References 20

2 Local Structure and Electronic State of Amorphous Nanomaterials 23

2.1 Spherical Aberration-Corrected Transmission Electron Microscopy 23

2.1.1 Introduction 23

2.1.2 Spherical Aberration-Corrected Transmission Electron Microscopy 24

2.1.3 Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy in TEM 28

2.1.4 Applications in Amorphous Nanomaterial Characterization 34

2.1.5 Summary and Outlook 41

2.2 X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectrum 41

2.2.1 Introduction 41

2.2.2 Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure 42

2.2.3 X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure 45

2.2.4 Application in Amorphous Nanomaterial Characterization 47

2.2.5 Summary and Outlook 51

References 52

3 Defect Characterization of Amorphous Nanomaterials 61

3.1 Introduction 61

3.2 Positron Annihilation Spectrum 64

3.3 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance 71

3.4 Photoluminescence Spectroscopy 79

3.5 Summary and Outlook 82

References 84

4 Synthesis of 0D Amorphous Nanomaterials 89

4.1 Introduction 89

4.2 Bottom-Up Method 90

4.2.1 Solution-Based Chemical Method 90

4.2.2 Thermal Treatment Method 98

4.2.3 Other Methods 101

4.3 Top-Down Method 104

4.4 Summary and Outlook 106

References 106

5 Synthesis of 1D Amorphous Nanomaterials 111

5.1 Introduction 111

5.2 Hydrothermal/Solvothermal Method 113

5.3 Chemical Precipitation Method 116

5.4 Electrochemical Deposition Method 120

5.5 Templating Method 122

5.6 Other Synthetic Methods 124

5.7 Summary and Outlook 131

References 132

6 Synthesis of 2D Amorphous Nanomaterials 137

6.1 Introduction 137

6.2 Thermal Decomposition Method 138

6.3 Exfoliation Method 139

6.4 Deposition Method 143

6.4.1 Physical Vapor Deposition Method 143

6.4.2 Electrodeposition Method 143

6.5 Chemical Precipitation Method 147

6.6 Templating Method 148

6.7 Phase Transformation Method 151

6.8 SolGel Method 151

6.9 Element Doping Method 152

6.10 Summary and Outlook 155

References 155

7 Synthesis of 3D Amorphous Nanomaterials 163

7.1 Introduction 163

7.2 Template-Engaged Strategies 163

7.2.1 Coordinating Etching Method 164

7.2.2 Acid/Alkali Etching Method 166

7.2.3 Redox Etching Method 169

7.2.4 Self-Templated Method 171

7.3 Electrochemical Method 173

7.4 Hydrothermal/Solvothermal Method 174

7.5 Common Solution Method 176

7.6 Laser/Ultrasonic-Assisted Solution Method 177

7.7 Other Synthetic Methods 179

7.8 Summary and Outlook 182

References 183

8 Synthesis of Amorphous-Coated and Amorphous-Doped Nanomaterials 189 <p&g...