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Provides users with everything they need to know about testing and analysis of coal
Includes new coverage on environmental issues and regulations as related to coal
Provides the reader with the necessary information about testing and analyzing coal and relays the advantages and limitations in understanding the quality and performance of coal
Explains the meaning of test results and how these results can predict coal behavior and its corresponding environmental impact during use
Includes a comprehensive Glossary which defines items in straightforward language that enable readers to better understand the terminology related to coal
Treats issues related to sampling, and accuracy and precision of analysis
Auteur
James G. Speight has doctorate degrees in Chemistry, Geological
Sciences, and Petroleum Engineering and is the author of more than
60 books in petroleum science, petroleum engineering, fossil fuel
science and technology, and environmental sciences. He has more
than 45 years of experience in the process industries, is the
author of numerous invited book chapters and papers, is the senior
editor of three journals, and has won numerous international awards
and distinctions.
Contenu
Author Biography xi
Preface xiii
1 History and Terminology 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Definitions and Terminology 2
1.3 Precursors of Coal 4
1.4 Coal-Forming Processes 7
1.5 Heteroatoms in Coal 8
1.5.1 Nitrogen 9
1.5.2 Oxygen 10
1.5.3 Sulfur 11
1.5.4 Other Elements 12
1.6 Physical Structure 13
1.7 Petrology and Petrography 14
1.7.1 Petrology 14
1.7.2 Petrography 15
1.7.3 Microlithotypes 17
1.7.4 Inorganic Constituents 17
1.7.5 Petrology, Petrography, and Behavior 18
1.8 Coal and Coal Analysis 21
References 23
2 Identification of Coal 27
2.1 Introduction 27
2.2 Analytical Techniques 31
2.3 Standard Test Methods 35
2.4 Coal Classification 37
2.5 Use of Coal 43
2.5.1 PreModern Use of Coal 44
2.5.2 Modern Use of Coal 47
2.6 The Future 49
References 50
3 Sampling and Sample Preparation 54
3.1 Introduction 54
3.2 Sampling 56
3.2.1 General Aspects 57
3.2.2 Manual Sampling 61
3.2.3 Mechanical Sampling 65
3.3 Sample Preparation 66
3.4 Washability 68
3.5 Accuracy and Precision 73
3.5.1 Accuracy 73
3.5.2 Precision 74
3.5.3 Repeatability 74
3.5.4 Bias 75
3.5.5 Method Validation 76
3.6 Reporting Coal Analyses 78
3.7 Interrelationships of the Data 80
References 81
4 Mineral Matter 84
4.1 Introduction 84
4.2 Origin and Occurrence 85
4.2.1 Origin 87
4.2.2 Occurrence 88
4.3 Mineral Types 90
4.3.1 Clay Minerals 91
4.3.2 Silicate Minerals 92
4.3.3 Carbonate Minerals 93
4.3.4 Sulfide and Sulfate Minerals 93
4.3.5 Other Minerals 94
4.3.6 Effect of Mineral Matter on Coal Use 94
4.4 Evaluation 95
4.4.1 Ashing Techniques 97
4.4.2 Ash Analysis and/or Direct Mineral Analysis 99
4.4.3 Non-Ashing Techniques 106
4.4.4 Data Handling and Interpretation 108
4.5 Chemistry of ASH Formation 110
References 112
5 Proximate Analysis 116
5.1 Introduction 116
5.2 Moisture Content 118
5.2.1 Test Methods 124
5.2.2 Data Handling and Interpretation 126
5.3 ASH 127
5.3.1 Test Methods 128
5.3.2 Data Handling and Interpretation 131
5.4 Volatile Matter 132
5.4.1 Test Methods 133
5.4.2 Data Handling and Interpretation 135
5.5 Fixed Carbon 136
5.6 Coal Assay 137
5.6.1 GrayKing Assay at 600 C (1112 F) 137
5.6.2 GrayKing Assay at 900 C (1652 F) 138
5.6.3 Other Carbonization Tests 138
5.7 Other Methods 140
References 140
6 Ultimate Analysis 144
6.1 Introduction 144
6.2 Carbon and Hydrogen 145
6.2.1 Test Methods 145
6.2.2 Data Handling and Interpretation 147
6.3 Nitrogen 148
6.3.1 Test Methods 148
6.3.2 Data Handling and Interpretation 150
6.4 Oxygen 150
6.4.1 Test Methods 151
6.4.2 Data Handling and Interpretation 153
6.5 Sulfur 155
6.5.1 Test Methods 156
6.5.2 Determination of the Forms of Sulfur 158
6.5.3 Data Handling and Interpretation 160
6.6 Chlorine 161
6.6.1 Test Methods 161
6.6.2 Data Handling and Interpretation 162
6.7 Mercury 163
6.7.1 Test Methods 163
6.7.2 Data Handling and Interpretation 164 6.8 Other Cons...