Arthropods as Vectors of Emerging Diseases

Without a doubt the recently accelerating globalization supports the import of agents of disease into countries where they never had been or where they had long since been eradicated, leading to a false sense of living on a "safe island." These newly imported or reintroduced diseases - called "emerging diseases" - may lead to severe outbreaks in cases where the countries are not prepared to combat them, or in cases where viruses are introduced that cannot be controlled by medications or vaccines.

Arthropods are well known vectors for the spread of diseases. Thus their invasion from foreign countries and their spreading close to human dwellings must be blocked everywhere (in donor and receptor countries) using safe and effective measures.

This book presents reviews on examples of such arthropod-borne emerging diseases that lurk on the fringes of our crowded megacities. The following topics show that there is an ongoing invasion of potential vectors and that control measures must be used now in order to avoid disastrous outbreaks of mass diseases.

Résumé

Global warming and globalization are the buzzwords of our time. They have nearly reached a religious status and those who deny their existence are considered modern heretics. Nevertheless, the earth has become an overcrowded village, traversable within a single day. Thus it is hardly surprising that besides persons and goods also agents of disease are easily transported daily from one end of the world to the other, threatening the health and lives of billions of humans and their animals. Agents of diseases (prions, viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites) are not only transmitted by body contact or direct exchange of bodily fluids, but also by means of vectors which belong to the groups of licking or blood-sucking arthropods (mites, ticks, insects) that live close to humans and their houses.

Without a doubt the recently accelerating globalization supports the import of agents of disease into countries where they never had been or where they had long since been eradicated, leading to a false sense of living on a safe island. These newly imported or reintroduced diseases called emerging diseases may lead to severe outbreaks in cases where the countries are not prepared to combat them, or in cases where viruses are introduced that cannot be controlled by medications or vaccines.

Arthropods are well known vectors for the spread of diseases. Thus their invasion from foreign countries and their spreading close to human dwellings must be blocked everywhere (in donor and receptor countries) using safe and effective measures.

This book presents reviews on examples of such arthropod-borne emerging diseases that lurk on the fringes of our crowded megacities. The following topics show that there is an ongoing invasion of potential vectors and that control measures must be used now in order to avoid disastrous outbreaks of mass diseases.

Contenu

Culicid Mosquitoes as Vectors of Disease Agents in Europe.- Exotic Mosquitoes Conquer the World.- Future Strategies for European Pest Management.- Assessing Diversity and Abundance of Vector Populations at a National Scale: Example of Culicoides Surveillance in France after a Bluetongue Virus Emergence.- Bluetongue Disease: An Analysis of the Epidemic in Germany 2006-2009.- Impact of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITN) on Insects of Medical Veterinary Relevance.- The Changing Distribution Patterns of Ticks (Ixodida) in Europe in Relation to Emerging Tick-borne Diseases.- The Huge Risk due to Hyalomma Ticks.- Flies as Vector of Microorganisms Potentially Inducing Severe Diseases in Humans and Animals.- Flies as Vector of Parasites Potentially Inducing Severe Diseases in Humans and Animals.- Lice as Vectors of Bacterial Diseases.- Triatomines as Vectors of American Trypanosomiasis.- Fleas as Underestimated Vectors of Agents of Diseases.- Marine Crustaceans as Potential Hosts and Vectors for Metazoan Parasites.- Spotted Fever Rickettsiae and Rickettsioses in Germany.