Handbook of Quantitative Science and Technology Research

This handbook offers a state-of-the-art overview of quantitative science and technology research. It focuses on the development and application of indicators derived from data on scientific or scholarly publications and patents. It comprises 34 chapters written by leading specialists in the various sub-domains. These chapters deal with theoretical and methodological issues, illustrate applications, and highlight their policy context and relevance. Authors present a survey of the research topics they address, and show their most recent achievements. The 34 chapters are arranged into 5 parts: Disciplinary Approaches; General Methodology; The Science System; The Technology System; and The Science-Technology Interface. The Editor's Introduction provides a further specification of the handbook's scope and of the main topics addressed in its chapters. This handbook aims at four distinct groups of readers: - practitioners in the field of science and technology studies; - research students in this field; - scientists, scholars and technicians who are interested in a systematic, thorough analysis of their activities; - policy makers and administrators who wish to be informed about the potentialities and limitations of the various approaches and about their results.

Contenu

Editors' Introduction.- Measuring Science.- Econometric Approaches to the Analysis of Productivity of R&D Systems.- Indicators for National Science and Technology Policy.- Keeping the Gates of Science Journals.- S&T Indicators for Policy Making in a Changing Science-Society Relationship.- Paradigms and Trajectories of Technological Opportunities 1890-1990.- Science on the Periphery: Bridging the Information Divide.- Data Mining and Text Mining for Science & Technology Research.- Opening the Black Box.- Science Maps Within a Science Policy Context.- Analysing Scientific Networks Through Co-Authorship.- Patent Citations and the Economic Value of Patents.- Scientific and Technological Performance by Gender.- The Use of Input Data in the Performance Analysis of R&D Systems.- Methodological Issues of Webometric Studies.- Descriptive Versus Evaluative Bibliometrics.- What Happens When Funding is Linked to Publication Counts?.- Internationalisation in Science in the Prism of Bibliometric Indicators.- Analysis of Cross-Disciplinary Research Through Bibliometric Tools.- Citations to Papers from Other Documents.- The Four Literatures of Social Science.- Evaluation of Research Performance and Scientometric Indicators in China.- Decomposing National Trends in Activity and Impact.- National Patterns of Technology Accumulation: Use of Patent Statistics.- Using Patent Citation Indicators to Manage a Stock Portfolio.- Patent Data for Monitoring S&T Portfolios.- Patent Profiling for Competitive Advantage.- Knowledge Networks from Patent Data.- Measuring the Internationalisation of the Generation of Knowledge.- Patents and Publications.- Measuring and Evaluating Science-Technology Connections and Interactions.- The Technological Output of Scientific Institutions.- Specialisation and Integration.- Science and Technology Systems in Less Developed Countries.