Truth and Belief

The task of the following considerations is the elucidation of the relationship of religion to thought. Every philosophical investigation with this task proceeds under the expectation that it will take into account religious self-understanding. Herein lies the special difficulty of a philosophical theory of religion. On the one hand, the philosopher of religion may not assume this self-understanding in order to avoid offering a religious theory (a theology) instead of the philosophical theory expected from him. On the other hand, he cannot by-pass religious self-understanding because this is the key to insight into the uniqueness of religious discourse. Without knowledge of this uniqueness, it is impossible to indicate the conditions under which religious statements lead to the question of truth. Even if religion cannot prescribe to philosophical investigation, whose methods the latter must apply to examine its object, it may in addition require that the standard by which it is measured be suited to grasp those special characteristics which mark it as different from other realms of life. Therefore, it may be required of the philosophical interpretation, that the question of the legitimacy and validity of religious self-understanding be treated from the very beginning as an open one, and not as one already decided. If this question is rashly decided in the negative, then all analysis of religious propositions is necessarily done along the guidelines of a method that in its foundation masks of the religious thematic.

Contenu

Series Editor's Preface.- Foreword.- Preface.- I. The Linguistic Veto.- 1. Philosophy as scientific theory.- a) The Hidden Dialectic of the Form and Content of Propositions.- b) The Requirement of Verification and the Relationship of Proposition and Reality.- 2. The verification problem and religious language in Wittgenstein's early work.- a) Concerning the Relationship between Propositional Reality and the Concept of the Mystical.- b) Rejecting the Claim of Truth for Religious Statements.- 3. The interpretation of religious statements as basic-propostitions and "quoque tu argument".- 4. Syntactics, semantics, and pragmatics.- 5. Philosophy as linguistic-analysis.- a) Wittgenstein's Annulment of the Linguistic Veto.- b) Linguistic Pragmatism and the Religious Language Game.- II. On the Problem of the Use of Religious Language.- 1. Rationalist criticism of the religious proposition.- 2. The three main trends in the analytical philosophy of religion.- 3. Neutrality in method and religious interest.- 4. The uniqueness of the religious use of language.- a) Anomaly of the Subject.- b) Anomalies of the Predicate.- 5. "Believing that" and "believing in".- III. Belief Without Truth.- 1. Founding the emotive turn in meaning according to Wittgenstein..- 2. The reduction theory of the religious statement.- 3. Existential participation.- 4. "Blik" and the decision for belief.- 5. The religious attitude and its justification.- a) The Psychological and Moral Understanding of Sense.- b) The Secular Understanding of Sense.- c) Sense Claim and Behavioral Practice.- IV. Belief as Truth.- 1. Foundation of the analytical theory of comprehension.- 2. The religious language game.- a) Application of Models.- b) Usage of Rules.- c) Interdependence of Different Language Games.- 3. Criteria for the religious use of language.- a) General Criteria for Intelligibleness.- b) Criteria for the Suitability of a Language System.- 4. Analogical principle.- a) The Problem of Contradiction.- b) Acceptance of the Analogical Principle in the Analytical Philosophy of Religion.- 5. Intelligibility and truth.- V. Belief and Truth.- 1. The foundation of the linguistic analytical theory of truth.- 2. Is existence a predicate?.- a) Russell.- b) Moore.- 3. The ontological proof of God.- a) The Conditions of the Validity of the Proof.- b) The Correspondence of Language and Reality.- 4. Criticism of Ontological Proof.- 5. Eschatological Verification.- a) Conditions of Verification.- b) The Relationship between the World and the World of Resurrection.- Epilogue.- Footnotes.- List of Abbreviations.