Globalization

'Globalization is irreversible and irresistible.'
Tony Blair

This book gives the lie to that claim. Economic globalization has never been an inevitable part of human history. It is eminently reversible and hugely resistible.

Greg Buckman argues there are two broad approaches within the anti-globalization movement. One, perhaps the most widely supported and influential strand today, calls the Fair Trade and Back to Bretton Woods school. This argues for immediate reforms of the world's trading system, capital markets, and global institutions, notably the World Bank, IMF and WTO. The other, the Localization school, takes a more root and branch position and argues for the abolition of these institutions and outright reversal of globalization. Buckman explains the details of each school's outlook and proposals, their weaknesses, where they disagree, their common ground, and where they might come together in campaigns.
This book gives the lie to the claim that globalization is 'irreversible and irresistible'. Greg Buckman argues there are two broad approaches within the anti-globalization movement, explaining the details of each school's outlook, their weaknesses, where they disagree, their common ground, and where they might come together in campaigns.

Auteur

Greg Buckman is former national finance manager for The Wilderness Society of Australia and currently Treasurer of the Australian Greens and has been co-editor of their magazine, Green. He has undertaken much economic research, particularly on issues concerning globalization, forestry and energy. His long involvement with the environment movement goes back to the successful international fight to save the Franklin River in Tasmania, Australia in the early 1980s.

Résumé
'Globalization is irreversible and irresistible.'Tony BlairThis book gives the lie to that claim. Economic globalization has never been an inevitable part of human history. It is eminently reversible and hugely resistible.Greg Buckman argues there are two broad approaches within the anti-globalization movement. One, perhaps the most widely supported and influential strand today, calls the Fair Trade and Back to Bretton Woods school. This argues for immediate reforms of the world's trading system, capital markets, and global institutions, notably the World Bank, IMF and WTO. The other, the Localization school, takes a more root and branch position and argues for the abolition of these institutions and outright reversal of globalization. Buckman explains the details of each school's outlook and proposals, their weaknesses, where they disagree, their common ground, and where they might come together in campaigns.This book gives the lie to the claim that globalization is 'irreversible and irresistible'. Greg Buckman argues there are two broad approaches within the anti-globalization movement, explaining the details of each school's outlook, their weaknesses, where they disagree, their common ground, and where they might come together in campaigns.

Contenu

Part I: The Evolution and Consequences of Economic Globalization

1. Introduction

2. The Evolution of Global Supermarket: A History of World Trade
   World trade in the nineteenth century
   World trade in the twentieth century
   World trade after the Second World War
   The shocks of the 1970s
   Causes of the spread of world trade

3. The Evolution of the Global Bank: A History of World Capital Flows
   Pre-Industrial Revolution global finance
   The influence of the Industrial Revolution
   The emergence of the gold standard
   The First World War and the interwar years
   The Bretton Woods twins
   The world economic order from the 1950s to the 1970s
   The shocks of the 1970s
   Todayûs casino economy

4. The Engines of Globalization
   Transnational corporations
   The political influence of TNCs; The on-the-ground influence of TNCs; Changing attitudes
   towards TNCs
   The World Trade Organization
   Trade negotiations; The Doha Round; The bizarre rulings of the WTO; The new trade
   boundaries pushed by the WTO; Regional trade deals
   The International Monetary Fund and World Bank
   The rise of the IMF and World Bank; The fall of the IMF and World Bank
   The Washington Consensus
   The technological engines of globalization
   The environmental price of world trade

5. Rich versus Poor in the Global Economy
   The polarization of global wealth
   Concentration of economic globalization around rich countries
   Relative size of poor economies
   The third world debt crisis
   Poor countries and global trade
   Trade winners and losers
   Poor country raw material exports
   Poor country trade winners
   Export-processing Zones
   Rich country trade losers
   Aid to the rescue?
   Ecological debt

6. Rich Country Double Standards
   Rich country double standards on trade
   Double standards on patents
   Double standards on agricultural and textile trade

   Part II: The Policy Alternatives of the Anti-Globalization Movement

7. The Anti-Globalization Movement
   The global loss of democracy
   The anti-globalization movement
   Origins of the anti-globalization movement
   The anti-globalization protests
   Policy formulation by the anti-globalization movement
   NGOs and non-mainstream parties

8. The Fair Trade/Back to Bretton Woods School
   Trade
   Ending rich country protectionism, allowing poor country special and different treatment;
   Protection of national agricultural industries; Social and environmental trade clauses
   The Future of the IMF, World Bank and WTO
   The World Trade Organization; No new issues; Services and patent agreements; The
   International Monetary Fund and World Bank; Debt cancellation
   Capital Market and Transnational Corporation Regulation
   Different types of capital control; The Tobin Tax; Control over Transnational Corporations;
   An international bankruptcy mechanism

9. The Localization School
   Advocates of Localization
   Localization aiding Democracy
   Trade
   The Future of the IMF, World Bank and WTO
   The World Trade Organization; The International Monetary Fund and World Bank
   Capital and Transnational Corporation Regulation
   Control over transnational corporations

10. Globaphobes versus Globaphiles
    The Oxfam Rigged Rules report debate
    Short versus long term strategies
    Corporate engagement
    Rich country versus poor country anti-globalization organizations
    Changing fashions within the anti-globalization movement
    Policies that straddle both schools
    Policies that stand outside the localization / fair trade divide

11. Deficiencies of Both Schools
    Deficiencies in Fair Trade school policies
    Deficiencies in Localization school policies
    Deficiencies common to both schools

12. The Policy Future of the Anti-Globalization Movement
    The common ground between the two schools
    Common policies of the Fair Trade and Localization schools; Philosophies common to both Schools
    Broader areas of agreement between the two schools
    Agreement on need for international finance institutions; Agreement on need for residual
    world trade and limited protectionism
    Potential areas of better consistency between the two schools
    Capital market / TNC regulation policies ; Management of the IMF, World Bank and
    WTO policies; Trade policies
    The general policy future of the anti-globalization movement
    The need for the anti-globalization movement to engage with the public more; The need for the
    anti-globalization movement to engage with itself more

13. Conclusion