Extended Biocontrol

A successful transition from conventional to sustainable agriculture requires crop protection methods that are safe for people, animals, plants and the environment. The idea behind Extended Biocontrol is to combine biological control sensu stricto (i.e., the use of living organisms to control plant pests) with sterile insect techniques and products of biological origin. As an environmentally-friendly approach to crop protection, extended biocontrol is at the core of a major renewal of pest management.

This book outlines the theoretical foundations and practical applications of extended biocontrol. Strategies used to date have relied on the management of native natural enemies and the release of macroorganisms, microorganisms and semiochemicals. Current research is now seeking to optimize these strategies to make them more efficient and diverse. Discoveries of new active compounds produced by microorganisms or plants that are active against pests are proliferating, while managing the plant microbiota opens novel avenues to improve natural plant defences. Additionally, innovative agricultural equipment and organizational approaches are being developed to efficiently deploy biocontrol. Finally, significant efforts are being made to ensure that these extended biocontrol methods remain sustainable with regard to their positive and negative impacts on the environment and human health, the durability of their efficacy against target organisms, and their economic viability.

This comprehensive book, written by internationally renowned researchers, is aimed at a professional audience as well as any readers who want to learn more about pest management and how it relates to the agroecological revolution.

Auteur

Christian Lannou is an epidemiologist and head of the Plant Health and Environment division of INRAE.
Xavier Fauvergue is a senior researcher focusing on the biology of introduced populations.
Adrien Rusch is an ecologist and develops projects on the agroecological protection of grapevine.
Matthieu Barret is a researcher and studies the functional role of the plant microbiota.
Marc Bardin is an epidemiologist and works on the use of microbial antagonisms for the development of biocontrol.
Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly is a senior researcher and studies the functioning and evolution of olfactory receptors in insects.
Thibaut Malausa is a senior researcher, specialized in population biology and biological control.

Texte du rabat

This book presents an exhaustive overview of the theoretical foundations and practical applications of biocontrol in agriculture. It encompasses all kinds of nature-based approaches for crop protection: introduction and conservation of natural enemies, release of sterile insects, enhancement of plant defenses, use of microorganisms, biopesticides, and semiochemicals. Cutting-edge knowledge in population biology, microbial ecology, epidemiology and chemical ecology is presented in accessible terms. The potential of field application is discussed with regard to practical aspects but also socioeconomic constraints. The 62 authors are researchers from a large panel of disciplines, from theoretical biology to social sciences.

Contenu

Foreword
Introduction; Editor Christian Lannou
Crops Need to be Protected - But Differently
Extended Biocontrol: A Fresh Look at an Age-Old Approach
The Biocontrol Arsenal
Challenges to be Tackled
Combining Extended Biocontrol with other Plant-Health Management Methods

PART I - Biological Control: Theoretical Foundations and Applications; Editor Xavier Fauvergue

Chapter 1 Integrative Systematics and Adaptations of Natural Enemies to Their Hosts; Nicolas Ris, Éric Pierre and Jean-Claude Streito
1.1 Introduction
1.2 General Remarks on the Diversity of Macroorganisms for Biological Control
1.3 The Underlying Challenges of Identifying Beneficial Macroorganisms
1.4 A Deeper Look at Three Cross-cutting Eco-Evolutionary Themes
1.5 Conclusion

Chapter 2 The Biology of Introduced Populations; Xavier Fauvergue
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Ideas that Inspire
2.3 The Laws of Small Numbers
2.4 Lost Benefits at Small Numbers: The Allee Effect
2.5 Lower Genetic Diversity in Small Populations
2.6 Conclusion

Chapter 3 Classical Biological Control; Nicolas Borowiec and René F. H. Sforza
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Definitions, History and Evolution
3.3 Foreign Exploration
3.4 Importing Exotic Material and Performing Laboratory Evaluations
3.5 Environmental Release of Biological Control Agents
3.6 Conclusion

Chapter 4 Augmentative Biological Control Using Entomophagus Arthropods; Alexandre Bout, Nicolas Ris, Cécilia Multeau and Ludovic Mailleret
4.1 Background and Definitions
4.2 Current Challenges
4.3 Ways to Improve Augmentative Biological Control
5.4 Conclusion

Chapter 5 Sterile Insect Technique: Principles, Deployment and Prospects; Clelia Oliva, Laurence Mouton, Hervé Colinet, Alan Debelle, Patricia Gibert and Simon Fellous
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Technical Basics
5.3 Conditions of Application
5.4 Strengths and Weaknesses of SIT
5.5 Future Research Avenue
5.6 Environmental and Sociological Implications
5.7 Insects and Society
5.8 Conclusion

Part II Stimulating Natural Pest Control in Agricultural Landscapes: Theoretical and Operation Insights into Conservation Biological Control; Editor Adrien Rusch

Chapter 6 Community Ecology, Food Webs and Natural Pest Control; Lucile Muneret, Elsa Canard and Adrien Rusch
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Types of interactions within communities
6.3 Correlations between the horizontal diversity of natural enemy communities and natural pest control
6.4 The effect of vertical diversity of communities on natural pest control
6.5 Metacommunities and landscape ecology
6.6 Conclusion

Chapter 7 Agroecological management of insect pests from field to landscape; Adrien Rusch
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Principles of conservation biological control
7.3 Effects of farming practices at field level
7.4 Biological pest control at the landscape scale
7.5 Conclusion

Chapter 8 Biological control for weed management; Sandrine Petit and Stéphane Cordeau
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Weed control using sown plants
8.3 Control by seed-eating organisms
8.4 Conclusion

Part III Microorganisms and biological control; Editor Matthieu Barret

Chapter 9 Plant microbiota: diversity, transmission and function; Matthieu Barret, Marc Buée, Christophe Mougel and Corinne Vacher
Introduction
Microbial diversity according to habitats
Microbiota assembly and transmission processes
Impact of the plant microbiota on host fitness
Leveraging the microbiota to improve plant growth and health

Chapter 10 Agroecological protection to support plant health: where the microbiota fits in; Claudia Bartoli, Jean-Noël Aubertot, Isabelle Litrico and Christophe Mougel
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Agricultural production and pest management
10.3 New levers to explore: plant-microbiota interactions and their role in agricultural ecosystems
10.4 Connecting microbiota and agroecological practices

Chapter 11 Microorganisms as biocontrol products; Marc Bardin and Philippe Nicot
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Biological control: an array of microorganisms described
11.3 Commercial products
11.4 Mode of action of microbial biocontrol agents
11.5 Factors affecting the efficacy of microbial biocontrol agents
11.6 Conclusion

Chapter 12 The role of microbial metabolites in biological control; Valérie Leclère, Christophe Clément, Stéphan Dorey and Claire Prigent-Combaret
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Rhamnolipids: multi-faceted compounds
12.3 Lipopeptides: structural and activity biodiversity
12.4 …