Electrical Distribution Networks

This book describes the fundamental aspects of the new generation
of electrical distribution grids, taking as its starting point the
opportunities that exist for restructuring existing infrastructure.
It emphasizes the incorporation of renewable energy sources into
the distribution grid and the need for a technological evolution
towards the implementation of smartgrids.

The book is organized into two parts: the first part analyzes the
integration of distributed energy sources into the distribution
grid and the impact of these sources on grid operation. After a
general description of the general characteristics of distribution
grids and renewable energy sources, it then analyzes the economics
of electrical energy distribution networks and presents the impact
of these sources on grid operation. The second part of the book
then analyzes the various functions which allow for safe operation
of the grid and realization of the path towards real world
application of smartgrids.

Auteur

Nouredine Hadjsaïd is a professor at the?Institut Polytechnique?de Grenoble in France. Jean-Claude Sabonnadière is a professor emeritus at the?Institut Polytechnique?de Grenoble in France.

Résumé
This book describes the fundamental aspects of the new generation of electrical distribution grids, taking as its starting point the opportunities that exist for restructuring existing infrastructure. It emphasizes the incorporation of renewable energy sources into the distribution grid and the need for a technological evolution towards the implementation of smartgrids.
The book is organized into two parts: the first part analyzes the integration of distributed energy sources into the distribution grid and the impact of these sources on grid operation. After a general description of the general characteristics of distribution grids and renewable energy sources, it then analyzes the economics of electrical energy distribution networks and presents the impact of these sources on grid operation. The second part of the book then analyzes the various functions which allow for safe operation of the grid and realization of the path towards real world application of smartgrids.

Contenu
Preface xv
Jean-Claude SABONNADIÈRE

Chapter 1. The Electrical Distribution Network: From Heritage to Innovation 1
Nouredine HADJSAÏD, Jean-Claude SABONNADIÈRE and Jean-Pierre ANGELIER

1.1. Introduction 1

1.2. The new power system paradigm 6

1.3. Structure and characteristics of current distribution systems 7

1.4. Consumption 11

1.5. Transmission and distribution systems operators 13

1.6. Future challenges for the distribution system 17

1.7. The link between investment and quality 32

1.8. Financing mechanisms and investment actors of distribution systems 36

1.9. Conclusion 38

1.10. Glossary 38

1.11. Bibliography 39

Chapter 2. Characteristics of Distribution Networks 41
Marie-Cécile ALVAREZ-HÉRAULT, Raphaël CAIRE, Sylvain MARTINO, Christophe ANDRIEU and Bertrand RAISON

2.1. Part 1: the French network 41

2.2. The North American network 61

2.3. Bibliography 81

Chapter 3. Overview of Decentralized Means of Production 83
Haizea GAZTAÑAGA, Raphaël CAIRE, Seddik BACHA and Daniel ROYE

3.1. Introduction 83

3.2. Deregulation 84

3.3. Emergent means of production 85

3.4. Conclusion: a challenge and a development opportunity for mains power 119

3.5. Bibliography 119

Chapter 4. Connection to the Decentralized Production Network: Regulatory and Economic Aspects 123
Cédric CLASTRES, Philippe MENANTEAU and Lina-Maria RUIZ

4.1. Introduction 123

4.2. European policies and growth dynamics of REn 124

4.3. Incentive policies for the deployment of renewable energies 129

4.4. Integration and connection of new renewable energy producers to the network 141

4.5. The insertion of renewable energies into the electrical market 147

4.6. Bibliography 157

Chapter 5. Impacts of Distributed Generation on the Electrical Network 161
Raphaël CAIRE and Tuan TRAN-QUOC

5.1. Introduction 161

5.2. Impact of distributed generation on electrical parameters 164

5.3. Impacts on the design, planning and exploitation 191

5.4. Impacts on network equipment 197

5.5. Bibliography 200

Chapter 6. Photovoltaic Systems Connected to the Network 203
Tuan TRAN-QUOC and Seddik BACHA

6.1. Introduction to grid-connected PV production 203

6.2. Structure of photovoltaic inverters 207

6.3. Control/command of the grid side converter 217

6.4. Anti-islanding protection of PV systems 221

6.5. Impact on the voltage and harmonics of grid connected PV systems 225

6.6. Impact on the voltage 230

6.7. Impact on voltage unbalance 233

6.8. Conclusion 234

6.9. Bibliography 235

Chapter 7. Voltage Control in Distribution Systems with Dispersed Generation 237
Yvon BÉSANGER and Tuan TRAN-QUOC

7.1. Introduction: problems of voltage control 237

7.2. Voltage control in today's distribution systems 241

7.3. Voltage control in distribution systems with DG 242

7.4. Conclusion 270

7.5. Bibliography 271

Chapter 8. Grid Integration of Wind Turbine Systems and their Ancillary Services Participation 273
Alexandre TENINGE, Daniel ROYE and Seddik BACHA

8.1. Wind energy: context 273

8.2. Integration of wind energy in electrical systems 276

8.3. Grid code requirements and wind farms 282

8.4. Wind turbines: principles and modeling aspect 290

8.5. Study of mixed wind farm integration in an islanded grid 301

8.6. Bibliography 311

8.7. Manufacturers websites 313

8.8. List of symbols 314

Chapter 9. Reliability of Distribution Systems with Dispersed Generation 315
Yvon BÉSANGER

9.1. New considerations and challenges for the reliability of distribution systems 315

9.2. Basic concepts of electrical network reliability 319 ...