Drag Reduction by Shock and Boundary Layer Control

This volume contains a thorough description of the EU-supported project EUROSHOCK II concerned with the investigation of active shock and boundary layer control to improve aircraft performance. Discussed are basic experiments, supplemented by Navier-Stokes computations, to improve and validate physical models relevant to control and the extension, validation and application of various computational methods to airfoil and wing flows with control. Furthermore described are experiments on airfoils and wings carried out to assess the aerodynamic benefits of control and to provide data for validation purposes. Finally, control applications to real aircraft and the corresponding installation penalties and mission benefits are addressed. This volume is a sequel to Vol. 56 on passive shock control.

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The survival of the Aeronautical Industries of Europe in the highly competitive World Aviation Market is strongly dependent on such factors as time-to-market of a new or derivative aircraft and on its manufacturing costs but also on the achievement of a competitive technological advantage by which an increased market share can be gained. Recognizing this, cooperative research is continuously encouraged and co-financed by the European Union in order to strengthen the scientific and technological base of the Aeronautical Industries thus providing - among others - the technological edge needed for survival. Corresponding targets of research within Area 3, Technologies for Transport Means, and here in particular Area 3A, Aeronautics Technologies, of the Industrial and Materials Technologies Program ( Brite -EuRam III, 1994 -1998) have been identified to be aircraft efficiency, cost effectiveness and environmental impact. Concerning aircraft efficiency - relevant to the present research - a reduction in aircraft drag of 10%, a reduction in aircraft fuel consumption of 30%, and a reduction in airframe, engine and system weight of 20% are envisaged. Meeting these objectives has, of course, also a strong positive impact on the environment.

Contenu

Introduction.- The EUROSHOCK II Project.- Modeling of Active Control Phenomena.- Numerical Simulation of Airfoil and Wing Flow with Control.- Airfoil and Sheared-Wing Experiments with and Without Control.- Benefits of Control Application to Aircraft Wings/Aircraft.- Assessment of Shock and Boundary Layer Control - A Summary.- Overall Conclusions and Future Work.- Introduction to the Individual Contributions.- Study of Control Devices Applied to a Transonic Shock Wave/Boundary Layer Interaction.- Hybrid and Active Control of Shock Wave - Turbulent Boundary Layer Interaction and Perforated Plate Transpiration Flow.- Active Control of Swept Shock Wave/Boundary Layer Interactions.- Numerical Investigation of Active Shock Wave and Boundary Layer Control on Airfoils and Sheared Wings.- Boundary Layer Coupling to Predict Steady and Unsteady Transonic Flows Past an Airfoil with and Without Shock Control.- 2D Numerical Investigations of Shock and Boundary Layer Control Techniques.