Batteries, 2 Volumes

Dieses ausführliche zweibändige Handbuch, Teil der Encyclopedia of Electrochemistry, bietet einen aktuellen und umfassenden Einblick in heutige Batterietechnologien. Behandelt werden Technologien, die über das Potenzial für weitere Energie- und Leistungsdichte verfügen. Die Inhalte stammen von renommierten internationalen Experten des Fachgebiets.

• Batterien sind aus dem heutigen Alltag nicht mehr wegzudenken. Sie liefern als elektrochemisch gespeicherte Energie Strom für Fahrzeuge, Flugzeuge, elektronische Geräte und intelligente Stromnetze. Ausführliche Informationen gibt es zu etablierten Batterietechnologien wie Blei-Säure- und Lithium-Ionen-Batterien. Untersucht werden auch aktuelle Entwicklungen neuer Technologien, darunter Lithium-Schwefel- und Lithium-Sauerstoff-Batterien, Natrium-Ionen-Batterien und vollständig organische Batterien.
• Das Handbuch richtet sich an Elektrochemiker, Physikochemiker und Materialwissenschaftler. Das zugängliche Kompendium unterzieht die wichtigsten Batterietechnologien einer eingehenden Überprüfung und untersucht die Technologie der Zukunft.

Auteur
Stefano Passerini is Professor at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and Deputy Director of the Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU, Germany) since January 1, 2014. Formerly Professor at the University of Muenster (Germany), he co-founded the MEET battery research center (Muenster, Germany). His research activities are focused on electrochemical energy storage in batteries and supercapacitors. He is co-author of more than 480 scientific papers (h-index of 66), a few book chapters and several international patents. In 2012, he has been awarded the Research Award of the Electrochemical Society Battery Division. Since 2015 he has been appointed as Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Power Sources.

Dominic Bresser is presently establishing a young investigator research group at the Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany. The focus of the group?s activities is on the investigation and development of alternative lithium-ion anode materials. Simultaneously, he is working with Prof. Stefano Passerini on aqueous electrode processing technologies for high-energy lithium-ion cathodes and pursuing his habilitation at the University of Ulm. Prior to his present activities, he held a two-years postdoctoral position and Enhanced Eurotalents Fellowship at the CEA in Grenoble, France, where he was studying nanostructured single-ion conductors and poly(ionic liquid)s as electrolyte systems. Beforehand, he carried out his PhD in the group of Stefano Passerini at the University of Muenster, Germany, studying nanostructured active materials for lithium- and sodium-based batteries. He is Co-Author of more than 50 peer-reviewed international publications (h-index of 21) as well as three book chapters and several international patent applications.

Arianna Moretti is a senior scientist at the Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) for Electrochemical Energy Storage, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany. Her research activities focus on Li-metal and Li-ion batteries and include the development of electrolytes and electroactive materials, electrode processing, cell aging and post-mortem studies. In 2009, she graduated in Chemistry at the University of Camerino, Italy, with a dissertation on catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In 2013, she accomplished her PhD studies working in the electrochemistry group of Prof. Marassi on olivine-type cathode material. Afterward she joined as Post-doc the group of Prof. Passerini at WWU Münster and MEET (Münster Electrochemical Energy Technology) conducting the research on ionic liquids and vanadium oxides. She is co-author of more than 20 peer-reviewed publications with an h-index of 10.

Alberto Varzi is a senior scientist at the Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) for Electrochemical Energy Storage, with a research focus on electrochemical energy storage devices such as lithium-ion, lithium-sulfur batteries and supercapacitors. He studied Chemistry of Materials at the University of Bologna, Italy and graduated in 2008 working with Prof. Mastragostino on catalysts and membranes for direct methanol fuel cells. He continued his education in Germany and received his PhD in 2013 from the University of Ulm, working with Dr. Margret Wohlfahrt-Mehrens on carbon nanotubes for lithium-ion battery applications. Postdoctoral research he did with Prof. Passerini at WWU Münster and MEET (Münster Electrochemical Energy Technology), dealing with the development of environmentally friendly materials for high power devices. He co-authored more than 27 peer-reviewed papers, 2 patents, and received close to 1200 citations, with an h-index of 12 and i-10-index of 15.

Résumé

Part of the Encyclopedia of Electrochemistry, this comprehensive, two-volume handbook offers an up-to-date and in-depth review of the battery technologies in use today. It also includes information on the most likely candidates that hold the potential for further enhanced energy and power densities. It contains contributions from a renowned panel of international experts in the field.

Batteries are extremely commonplace in modern day life. They provide electrochemically stored energy in the form of electricity to automobiles, aircrafts, electronic devices and to smart power grids. Comprehensive in scope, 'Batteries' covers information on well-established battery technologies such as charge-carrier-based lead acid and lithium ion batteries. The contributors also explore current developments on new technologies such as lithium-sulfur and -oxygen, sodium ion, and full organic batteries.

Written for electrochemists, physical chemists, and materials scientists, 'Batteries' is an accessible compendium that offers a thorough review of the most relevant current battery technologies and explores the technology in the years to come.

Contenu

About the Editors xxiii

List of Contributors xxvii

Preface xxxiii

Section I Introduction 1

1 The Role of Batteries for the Successful Transition to

Renewable Energy Sources 3

Dominic Bresser, Arianna Moretti, Alberto Varzi, and Stefano Passerini

1 The Need for Transitioning to Renewable Energy Sources 3

2 Energy Storage as Key Enabler 5

2.1 Stationary Energy Storage 5

2.2 Energy Storage Technologies for Transportation 7

2.3 Storage Technologies for Portable Electronic Devices 8

3 The Variety of Battery Chemistries and Technologies 9

References 10

2 Fundamental Principles of Battery Electrochemistry 13

Francesco Nobili and Roberto Marassi

1 Introduction 13

2 Main Battery Components 16

2.1 Electrodes 16

2.2 Electrolyte 17

3 Voltage, Capacity, and Energy 19

3.1 Theoretical Cell Voltage 19

3.2 Theoretical Capacity 23

3.3 Energy Storage and Delivery 26

4 Current and Power 29

4.1 Kinetics and Overvoltage 29

4.2 Ohmic Polarization 31

4.3 Kinetic Polarization 31

4.4 Mass Transfer Polarization 32

5 Practical Operating Parameters 35

5.1 Coulombic Efficiency and Energy Efficiency (Round-Trip

Efficiency) 35

5.2 Capacity Retention and Cycle Life 36

5.3 Rate Capability 37

6 Main Classes of Batteries and Alternative Electrochemical Power

Sources 37

6.1 Primary Batteries 38

6.1.1 Volta's Pile 39

6.1.2 Daniell Cell 39

6.1.3 Leclanché Cell 39

6.1.4 Alkaline Batteries 40

6.1.5 Li Primary Batteries 40

6.2 Secondary Batteries (Accumulators) 41

6.2.1 Lead-Acid Batteries 42

6.2.2 Nickel-Cadmium Batteries 42

6.2.3 Ni-Metal-Hydride Batteries 42

6.2.4 Lithium-Ion Batteries 43

6.2.5 Redox Flow Batteries 44

6.3 Fuel Cells 44

6.3.1 Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFCs) 45

6.3.2 Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) 45

6.3.3 Direct …