Applied Superconductivity

This wide-ranging presentation of applied superconductivity, from fundamentals and materials right up to the details of many applications, is an essential reference for physicists and engineers in academic research as well as in industry. Readers looking for a comprehensive overview on basic effects related to superconductivity and superconducting materials will expand their knowledge and understanding of both low and high Tc superconductors with respect to their application. Technology, preparation and characterization are covered for bulk, single crystals, thins fi lms as well as electronic devices, wires and tapes. The main benefit of this work lies in its broad coverage of significant applications in magnets, power engineering, electronics, sensors and quantum metrology. The reader will find information on superconducting magnets for diverse applications like particle physics, fusion research, medicine, and biomagnetism as well as materials processing. SQUIDs and their usage in medicine or geophysics arethoroughly covered, as are superconducting radiation and particle detectors, aspects on superconductor digital electronics, leading readers to quantum computing and new devices.

Auteur
Edited by Paul Seidel, Professor of Applied Physics at the University of Jena and head of the department of Low Temperature Physics. His main fields of research are thin film deposition and growth, patterning, multilayers, tunneling, Josephson effects, and cryoelectronics. His strong engagement with the community is documented by serving as scientific board member of many international conferences and symposia. Paul Seidel has published more than 200 articles in international journals and contributed to more than 80 books. He is teaching both experimental and theoretical physics and offers special lectures in solid state and low temperature physics.

Contenu

Conductorart by Claus Grupen (drawing) XX

Preface XXI

List of Contributors XXIII

1 Fundamentals 1

1.1 Superconductivity 1

1.1.1 Basic Properties and Parameters of Superconductors 1
Reinhold Kleiner

References 25

1.1.2 Review on Superconducting Materials 26
Roland Hott, Reinhold Kleiner, ThomasWolf, and Gertrud Zwicknagl

References 44

1.2 Main Related Effects 49

1.2.1 Proximity Effect 49
Mikhail Belogolovskii

1.2.2 Tunneling and Superconductivity 66
Steven T. Ruggiero

References 74

1.2.3 Flux Pinning 76
Stuart C.Wimbush

References 90

1.2.4 AC Losses and Numerical Modeling of Superconductors 93
Francesco Grilli and Frederic Sirois

References 102

2 Superconducting Materials 105

2.1 Low-Temperature Superconductors 105

2.1.1 Metals, Alloys, and Intermetallic Compounds 105
Helmut Krauth and Klaus Schlenga

Acknowledgments 127

References 128

2.1.2 Magnesium Diboride 129
Davide Nardelli, Ilaria Pallecchi, and Matteo Tropeano

References 148

2.2 High-Temperature Superconductors 152

2.2.1 Cuprate High-Temperature Superconductors 152
Roland Hott and ThomasWolf

References 163

2.2.2 Iron-Based Superconductors: Materials Aspects for Applications 166
Ilaria Pallecchi and Marina Putti

References 188

3 Technology, Preparation, and Characterization 193

3.1 Bulk Materials 193

3.1.1 Preparation of Bulk and Textured Superconductors 193
Frank N.Werfel

References 219

3.1.2 Single crystal growth of the high temperature superconducting cuprates 222
Andreas Erb

3.1.3 Properties of Bulk Materials 231
Günter Fuchs, Gernot Krabbes, andWolf-Rüdiger Canders

References 245

3.2 Thin Films and Multilayers 247

3.2.1 Thin Film Deposition 247
Roger Wördenweber

Acknowledgment 277

References 277

3.3 Josephson Junctions and Circuits 281

3.3.1 LTS Josephson Junctions and Circuits 281
Hans-Georg Meyer, Ludwig Fritzsch, Solveig Anders, Matthias Schmelz, Jürgen Kunert, and Gregor Oelsner

References 298

3.3.2 HTS Josephson Junctions 306
Keiichi Tanabe

References 324

3.4 Wires and Tapes 328

3.4.1 Powder-in-Tube SuperconductingWires: Fabrication, Properties, Applications, and Challenges 328
Tengming Shen, Jianyi Jiang, and Eric Hellstrom

Acknowledgments 348

References 348

3.4.2 YBCO-Coated Conductors 355
Mariappan Parans Paranthaman, Tolga Aytug, Liliana Stan, Quanxi Jia, and Claudia Cantoni

Acknowledgments 364

References 364

3.5 Cooling 366

3.5.1 Fluid Cooling 366
Luca Bottura and Cesar Luongo

References 381

3.5.2 Cryocoolers 383
Gunter Kaiser and Gunar Schroeder

References 392

3.5.3 Cryogen-Free Cooling 393
Gunter Kaiser and Andreas Kade

References 401

4 Superconducting Magnets 403

4.1 Bulk Superconducting Magnets for Bearings and Levitation 403
John R. Hull

4.1.1 Introduction 403

4.1.2 Understanding Levitation with Bulk Superconductors 405

4.1.3 Rotational Loss 407

4.1.4 A Rotor Dynamic Issue 411

4.1.5 Practical Bearing Considerations 412

4.1.6 Applications 415

References 416

4.2 Fundamentals of Superconducting Magnets 418
Martin N.Wilson

4.2.1 Windings to Produce Different Field Shapes 418

4.2.2 Current Supply 420

4.2.3 Load Lines, Degradation, and Training 422

4.2.4 Cryogenic Stabilization 423

4.2.5 Mechanical Disturbances and Minimum Quench Energy 426

4.2.6 Screening Currents and the Critical State Model 429

4.2.7 Magnetization and Flux Jumping 431 4.2.8 FilamentaryWires ...