"Earth System geophysics is not just geophysics with the atmosphere and oceans included, neither is it just geophysics with topics common to multiple components of the Earth System, such as isostasy involving the atmosphere and oceans instead of the solid earth, or low seismic velocity zones in the oceans and atmosphere instead of the solid earth included. Earth System geophysics most fundamentally recognizes that the natural world is characterized by a different, more universal paradigm than plate tectonics: convection, which every component of the Earth system exhibits, and which is sure to exist beyond our planet and beyond our Solar System. This book discusses the geophysics of the Earth System rather than just the solid earth with an introduction to Solar System. Topics include the solar system, atmosphere, climate, gravity, seismology, Interior and Convection, heat flow, and Earth's core, with Geomagnetism concluding the book"--

Résumé
A textbook that approaches geophysics from an Earth System Science perspective Geophysics helps us to understand how our planet works by connecting complex real-world phenomena with fundamental physical laws. It provides the tools for understanding interactions between the different components of the Earth System: the solid earth, oceans, atmosphere, and biosphere. Earth System Geophysics is a comprehensive textbook for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in the Earth sciences that uses Earth System Science as the framework for learning in geophysics. Volume highlights include: Presents convection as the underlying paradigm that drives the Earth System Uses math and physics in an accessible way to understand processes on Earth Frames natural processes and events in terms of cause and effect Builds gradually from basic to advanced concepts and equations Develops quantitative skills through applied examples Heavily referenced, allowing students to pursue topics in greater depth * Relevant for students from across the physical sciences and engineering The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Contenu
Preface Acknowledgments About the Companion Website Part I An Earth System Science Framework 1. The Birth of the Earth 1.0 Motivation 1.1 The Formation of the Solar System 1.1.1 Overview: Contrasting Theories versus Solar System Basics 1.1.2 A Monistic Description of Solar System Formation 1.2 Properties of the Solar System 1.2.1 The Spacing of the Planetary Orbits 1.2.2 Moment of Inertia: A Diagnostic Tool for Planetary Interiors 1.2.3 A Brief Description of the Properties of Planets and Moons 1.3 Life in the Solar System, and Beyond 1.3.1 The Search for Planets 1.3.2 Evidence for Life in the Universe 1.3.3 Evidence for Life in our Solar System References 2. The Evolution of Earth's Atmosphere 2.0 Motivation 2.1 The Differentiation of the Earth 2.1.1 A Core by Condensation? 2.1.2 An Act of Differentiation Created the Core 2.1.3 Consequences of Core Formation 2.2 The Faint Young Sun 2.2.1 The Young Sun's Changing Luminosity was Inevitable 2.2.2 A Paradox, and its Resolution 2.2.3 The Urey Cycle 2.3 Constraints on the Evolution of Atmospheric CO2 2.3.1 Levels of CO2 were (Relatively) Low during Ice House Climates 2.3.2 Other Approaches, and a Synthesis 2.4 The Development of an Oxygen Atmosphere 2.4.1 A Mostly Geology-based Chronology of the Rise of Oxygen on Earth 2.4.2 Oxygen and Evolution: An Overview 2.4.3 Oxygen Chronology: A Synthesis References 3. The Climate System and the Future of Earth's Atmosphere 3.0 Motivation The Climate System 3.1 The Circulation of the Atmosphere 3.1.1 The Sun is the Ultimate Driving Force 3.1.2 Basic Concepts Underlying Atmospheric Circulation 3.1.3 Global Atmospheric Circulation on a Non-Rotating Earth 3.1.4 Global Atmospheric Circulation on the Rotating Earth 3.1.5 Complications of the Three-Cell Model 3.1.6 Implications of the Three-Cell Model for Climate and Regional Circulation 3.1.7 A Jovian Perspective, Briefly 3.1.8 Jet Streams in the Atmosphere 3.1.9 Hurricanes 3.2 The Circulation of the Oceans 3.2.1 Thermohaline Convection 3.2.2 Wind-driven Circulation 3.2.3 The Wind-driven Oceans Move Heat, Too 3.3 El Niño and the Southern Oscillation: a coupled atmosphere - ocean phenomenon 3.3.1 El Niño 3.3.2 Southern Oscillation 3.3.3 The Mechanism of a Strong ENSO Event 3.3.4 The Mechanism of a Weak ENSO Event 3.3.5 The Return to Normalcy 3.3.6 There's an even Bigger Picture The Immediate Future of our Atmosphere 3.4 Preliminary Comments 3.5 Solar Variability on Human Time Scales 3.5.1 Sunspot Cycles 3.5.2 A Connection between Sunspots and a Dramatic Change in Earth's Climate? 3.5.3 A Few Final Comments on Sunspots 3.6 Anthropogenic Variations in Climate by the Emission of Greenhouse Gases 3.6.1 Increases in Greenhouse Gas Abundances 3.6.2 Direct and Indirect Impacts on Climate Expected from an Increase in Greenhouse Gas Abundances 3.6.3 Tempered Expectations: Complications in how these consequences play out 3.6.4 Anthropogenic Variations in Climate: Evidence concerning direct consequences (- if you insist) 3.6.5 Anthropogenic Variations in Climate: Evidence concerning indirect consequences 3.6.6 Anthropogenic Climate Change: Some final thoughts 3.7 A Geophysical Perspective: the rest of this textbook References Part II A Planet Driven by Convection 4. Basics of Gravity and the Shape of the Earth 4.0 Motivation 4.1 The Nature of Gravity 4.1.1 Simple Expressions of the Law of Gravitation 4.2 Newton's Second Law and the Gravity Field 4.2.1 Cause and Effect, Mass and Weight 4.2.2 Earth's Gravity Field, and the Answer to a Really Fundamental Question 4.2.3 Weighing the Earth 4.3 The Gravity Field of a Three-Dimensional Earth 4.3.1 A Guiding Principle 4.3.2 More Consequences of Gravity Being an Inverse-Square Law Force 4.3.3 Revisiting Newton's Law of Gravitation, with Superposition 4.4 The Shape of the Earth, and Variations of Gravity with Latitude 4.4.1 A Motivation to get Complicated 4.4.2 The Earth is not Spherical 4.4.3 Earth's Rotation is the Cause 4.4.4 A Thorough Description of Centrifugal Force 4.4.5 Gravity versus Centrifugal Force on a Rotating Earth 4.4.6 Indirect Effects of Centrifugal Force on Gravity, and the Idealized Earth 4.5 Kepler's Laws References 5. Gravity and Isostasy in the Earth System 5.0 Motivation 5.1 Exploring the Earth System with Gravity 5.1.1 Scaling Down for Gravity Exploration 5.1.2 The Reduction of Gravity Data 5.1.3 An Application to the Earth System 5.1.4 Gravity Data Measured on a Moving Platform 5.2 Isostasy and the Earth System 5.2.1 Bouguer's Discovery and the Principle of Isostasy 5.2.2 Mechanisms to Achieve Isostatic Balance 5.2.3 The Moho and Other Evidence of Airy Isostasy 5.2.4 Airy Isostasy and the Oceanic Response to Atmospheric Pressure Fluctuations 5.2.5 A Third Mechanism for Achieving Isostatic Compensation 5.2.6 Isostatic Response to Surface Loads in the Earth System: Anomalous Regions 5.2.7 Isostatic Response to Surface Loads: Implications for Mantle Rheology 5.2.8 Global Constraints on Mantle Viscosity References 6. Orbital Perspectives on Gravity 6.0 Motivation 6.1 Tides 6.1.1 Ebbs and Flows 6.1.2 Tidal Forces 6.1.3 The Response of the Oceans to Tidal Forces 6.1.4 The Response of the Solid Earth to Tidal Forces 6.2 Precession of the Equinoxes and Orbital Effects on Climate 6.2.1 Precession 6.2.2 Precession, the Core, and the Geomagnetic Field of the Earth 6.2.3 Precession Can Affect the Earth's Climate 6.2.4 Milankovitch and Mars 6.3 Satellite Geodesy 6.3.1 Satellite Orbital Precession 6.3.2 The Geoid and Satellite Altimetry 6.3.3 Geoid versus Spheroid, and Geoidal Heights 6.3.4 More Perspectives on Global Gravity and the G…