Efficiency of Biomass Energy

Informationen zum Autor Krzysztof J. Ptasinski , Ph.D., D.Sc., has over 40 years of experience in academic teaching and research in chemical engineering and energy technology. He has held appointments at the Eindhoven University of Technology and the University of Twente (the Netherlands) as well as the Warsaw University of Technology and as visiting professor at the Silesian University of Technology (Poland). His pioneering research on application of exergy analysis to biomass and bioenergy is internationally acclaimed. He is the author and co-author of more than 200 publications, including 19 book chapters and 75 research papers. Currently he serves as an Executive Editor Biomass and Bioenergy - Energy, The International Journal . Klappentext Details energy and exergy efficiencies of all major aspects of bioenergy systems Covers all major bioenergy processes starting from photosynthesis and cultivation of biomass feedstocks and ending with final bioenergy products, like power, biofuels, and chemicals Each chapter includes historical developments, chemistry, major technologies, applications as well as energy, environmental and economic aspects in order to serve as an introduction to biomass and bioenergy A separate chapter introduces a beginner in easy accessible way to exergy analysis and the similarities and differences between energy and exergy efficiencies are underlined Includes case studies and illustrative examples of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd generation biofuels production, power and heat generation (thermal plants, fuel cells, boilers), and biorefineries Traditional fossil fuels-based technologies are also described in order to compare with the corresponding bioenergy systems Zusammenfassung Details energy and exergy efficiencies of all major aspects of bioenergy systems Covers all major bioenergy processes starting from photosynthesis and cultivation of biomass feedstocks and ending with final bioenergy products! like power! biofuels! and chemicals Each chapter includes historical developments! chemistry! major technologies! applications as well as energy! environmental and economic aspects in order to serve as an introduction to biomass and bioenergy A separate chapter introduces a beginner in easy accessible way to exergy analysis and the similarities and differences between energy and exergy efficiencies are underlined Includes case studies and illustrative examples of 1st! 2nd! and 3rd generation biofuels production! power and heat generation (thermal plants! fuel cells! boilers)! and biorefineries Traditional fossil fuels-based technologies are also described in order to compare with the corresponding bioenergy systems Inhaltsverzeichnis Preface xvAcknowledgments xixAbout the Author xxiPART I | Background and OutlineChapter 1 | Bioenergy Systems: An Overview 31.1 Energy and the Environment 31.2 Biomass as a Renewable Energy Source 131.3 Biomass Conversion Processes 221.4 Utilization of Biomass 271.5 Closing Remarks 34References 34Chapter 2 | Exergy Analysis 372.1 Sustainability and Efficiency 372.2 Thermodynamic Analysis of Processes 422.3 Exergy Concept 522.4 Exergetic Evaluation of Processes and Technologies 672.5 Renewability of Biofuels 812.6 Closing Remarks 86References 86PART II | Biomass Production and ConversionChapter 3 | Photosynthesis 933.1 Photosynthesis: An Overview 933.2 Exergy of Thermal Radiation 993.3 Exergy Analysis of Photosynthesis 1063.4 Global Photosynthesis 1163.5 Closing Remarks 120References 120Chapter 4 | Biomass Production 1234.1 Overview 1234.2 Efficiency of Solar Energy Capture 1334.3 Fossil Inputs for Biomass Cultivation and Harvesting 1404.4 Fossil Inputs for Biomass Logistics 1464.5 Closing Remarks 150References 150Chapter 5 | Thermochemical Conversion: Gasification 1535.1 Gasification: An Overview 1535.2 Gasification of Carbon 1715.3 G...

Auteur

Krzysztof J. Ptasinski, Ph.D., D.Sc., has over 40 years of experience in academic teaching and research in chemical engineering and energy technology. He has held appointments at the Eindhoven University of Technology and the University of Twente (the Netherlands) as well as the Warsaw University of Technology and as visiting professor at the Silesian University of Technology (Poland). His pioneering research on application of exergy analysis to biomass and bioenergy is internationally acclaimed. He is the author and co-author of more than 200 publications, including 19 book chapters and 75 research papers. Currently he serves as an Executive Editor Biomass and Bioenergy - Energy, The International Journal.

Texte du rabat

Details energy and exergy efficiencies of all major aspects of bioenergy systems Covers all major bioenergy processes starting from photosynthesis and cultivation of biomass feedstocks and ending with final bioenergy products, like power, biofuels, and chemicals Each chapter includes historical developments, chemistry, major technologies, applications as well as energy, environmental and economic aspects in order to serve as an introduction to biomass and bioenergy A separate chapter introduces a beginner in easy accessible way to exergy analysis and the similarities and differences between energy and exergy efficiencies are underlined Includes case studies and illustrative examples of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd generation biofuels production, power and heat generation (thermal plants, fuel cells, boilers), and biorefineries * Traditional fossil fuels-based technologies are also described in order to compare with the corresponding bioenergy systems

Contenu

Preface xv Acknowledgments xix About the Author xxi PART I | Background and Outline Chapter 1 | Bioenergy Systems: An Overview 3 1.1 Energy and the Environment 3 1.2 Biomass as a Renewable Energy Source 13 1.3 Biomass Conversion Processes 22 1.4 Utilization of Biomass 27 1.5 Closing Remarks 34 References 34 Chapter 2 | Exergy Analysis 37 2.1 Sustainability and Efficiency 37 2.2 Thermodynamic Analysis of Processes 42 2.3 Exergy Concept 52 2.4 Exergetic Evaluation of Processes and Technologies 67 2.5 Renewability of Biofuels 81 2.6 Closing Remarks 86 References 86 PART II | Biomass Production and Conversion Chapter 3 | Photosynthesis 93 3.1 Photosynthesis: An Overview 93 3.2 Exergy of Thermal Radiation 99 3.3 Exergy Analysis of Photosynthesis 106 3.4 Global Photosynthesis 116 3.5 Closing Remarks 120 References 120 Chapter 4 | Biomass Production 123 4.1 Overview 123 4.2 Efficiency of Solar Energy Capture 133 4.3 Fossil Inputs for Biomass Cultivation and Harvesting 140 4.4 Fossil Inputs for Biomass Logistics 146 4.5 Closing Remarks 150 References 150 Chapter 5 | Thermochemical Conversion: Gasification 153 5.1 Gasification: An Overview 153 5.2 Gasification of Carbon 171 5.3 Gasification of Biomass 183 5.4 Gasification of Typical Fuels 191 5.5 Closing Remarks 198 References 198 Chapter 6 | Gasification: Parametric Studies and Gasification Systems 203 6.1 Effect of Fuel Chemical Composition on Gasification Performance 203 6.2 Effect of Biomass Moisture Content, Gasification Pressure, and Heat Addition on Gasification Performance 211 6.3 Improvement of Gasification Exergetic Efficiency 215 6.4 Gasification Efficiency Using Equilibrium versus Nonequilibrium Models 230 6.4.1 Quasi-Equilibrium Thermodynamic Models 231 6.4.2 Comparison of Gasification Efficiency 231 6.5 Performance of Typical Gasifiers 233 6.5.1 Comparison of FICFB and Viking Gasifiers 233 6.5.2 Fluidized-Bed Gasifiers for the Production of H2-Rich Syngas 238 6.5.3 Downdraft Fixed-Bed Gasifier 241 6.5.4 Updraft Fixed-Bed Gasifier 242 6.6 Plasma Gasification 244 6.6.1 Plasma Gasification Technology 244 6.6.2 Plasma Gasification of Sewage Sludge 244 6.7 Thermochemical Conversion in Sub- and Supercritical Water 246 6.7.1 Conversion of Wet Biomass in Hot Compressed Water 246 6.7.2 Supercritical Water Gasification (SCWG) 247 6.7.3 Hydrothermal Upgrading (HTU) under Subcritical Water Condition…