Spatial Autocorrelation and Spatial Filtering

Scientific visualization may be defined as the transformation of numerical scientific data into informative graphical displays. The text introduces a nonverbal model to subdisciplines that until now has mostly employed mathematical or verbal-conceptual models. The focus is on how scientific visualization can help revolutionize the manner in which the tendencies for (dis)similar numerical values to cluster together in location on a map are explored and analyzed. In doing so, the concept known as spatial autocorrelation - which characterizes these tendencies - is further de-mystified.

This book is about spatial statistics and spatial analysis.- The large number of georeferenced data analysis from various parts of the world is of particular interest to the reader. These datasets contain interval/ratio, binary, percentage and counts variables.- Enables the reader to effectively visualize and analyze spatial autocorrelation latent n georeferenced data.

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Advances in Spatial Science

This series of books is dedicated to reporting on recent advances in spatial science. It contains scientific studies focusing on spatial phenomena, utilising theoretical frameworks, analytical methods, and empirical procedures specifically designed for spatial analysis. The series brings together innovative spatial research utilising concepts, perspectives, and methods with a relevance to both basic science and policy making. The aim is to present advances in spatial science to an informed readership in universities, research organisations, and policy-making institutions throughout the world.

The type of material considered for publication in the series includes:

• Monographs of theoretical and applied research in spatial science;

• State-of-the-art volumes in areas of basic research;

• Reports of innovative theories and methods in spatial science;

• Tightly edited reports form specially organised research seminars.

Manuscripts must be prepared in accordance with the guidelines for authors and editors that may be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Manuscripts considered for the series will be reviewed by independent experts to ensure their originality, scientific level, and international policy relevance.

Contenu
1 Introduction.- 1.1 Scientific Visualization.- 1.2 What Is Spatial Autocorrelation?.- 1.3 Selected Visualization Tools: An Overview.- 1.4 The Sample Georeferenced Datasets.- 2 Salient Properties of Geographic Connectivity Underlying Spatial Autocorrelation.- 2.1 Eigenfunctions Associated with Geographic Connectivity Matrices.- 2.2 Generalized Eigenvalue Frequency Distributions.- 2.3 The Auto-Gaussian Jacobian Term Normalizing Factor.- 2.4 Eigenfunctions Associated with the GR.- 2.5 Remarks and Discussion.- 3 Sampling Distributions Associated with Spatial Autocorrelation.- 3.1 Samples as Random Permutations of Values across Locations on a Man: Randomization.- 3.2 Simple Random Samples at Each Location on a Map: Unconstrained Selection.- 3.3 Samples as Ordered Random Drawings from a Parent Frequency Distribution: Extending the Permutation Perspective.- 3.4 Samples as Outcomes of a Multivariate Drawing: Extending the Simple Random Samnling Persnective.- 3.5 Effective Sample Size.- 3.6. Remarks and Discussion.- 4 Spatial Filtering.- 4.1 Eigenvector-based Spatial Filtering.- 4.2 Coefficients for Single and Linear Combinations of Distinct Map Patterns.- 4.3 Eigenvector Selection Criteria.- 4.4 Regression Analysis: Standard Errors Based upon Simulation Experiments and Resampling.- 4.5 The MC Local Statistic and Illuminating Diagnostics.- 4.6 Remarks and Discussion.- 5 Spatial Filtering Applications: Selected Interval/Ratio Datasets.- 5.1 Geographic Distributions of Settlement Size in Peru.- 5.2 The Geographic Distribution of Lyme Disease in Georgia.- 5.3 The Geographic Distribution or Biomass in the Hign Peak District.- 5.4 The Geographic Distribution of Agricultural and Topographic Variables in Puerto Rico.- 5.5 Remarks and Discussion.- 6 Spatial Filtering Applications: Selected Counts Datasets.- 6.1 Geographic Distributions of Settlement Counts in Pennsylvania.- 6.2 The Geographic Distribution of Farms in Loiza, Puerto Rico.- 6.3 The Geographic Distribution of Volcanoes in Uganda.- 6.4 The Geographic Distribution of Cholera Deaths in London.- 6.5 The Geographic Distribution of Drumlins in Ireland.- 6.6 Remarks and Discussion.- 7 Spatial Filtering Applications: Selected Percentage Datasets.- 7.1 The Geographic Distribution of the Presence/Absence of Plant Disease in an Agricultural Field.- 7.2 The Geographic Distribution of Plant Disease in an Agricultural Field.- 7.3 The Geographic Distribution of Blood Group A in Eire.- 7.4 The Geographic Distribution of Urbanization across the Island of Puerto Rico.- 7.5 Remarks and Discussion.- 8 Concluding Comments.- 8.1 Spatial Filtering versus Spatial Autoregression.- 8.2 Some Numerical Issues in Spatial Filtering.- 8.3 Stepwise Selection of Eigenvectors for an Auto-Poisson Model.- 8.4 Binomial and Poisson Overdispersion.- 8.5 Future Research: What Next?.- List of Symbols.- List of Tables.- List of Figures.- References.- Author Index.- Place Index.