The Development of Prime Number Theory

1. People were already interested in prime numbers in ancient times, and the first result concerning the distribution of primes appears in Euclid's Elemen ta, where we find a proof of their infinitude, now regarded as canonical. One feels that Euclid's argument has its place in The Book, often quoted by the late Paul ErdOs, where the ultimate forms of mathematical arguments are preserved. Proofs of most other results on prime number distribution seem to be still far away from their optimal form and the aim of this book is to present the development of methods with which such problems were attacked in the course of time. This is not a historical book since we refrain from giving biographical details of the people who have played a role in this development and we do not discuss the questions concerning why each particular person became in terested in primes, because, usually, exact answers to them are impossible to obtain. Our idea is to present the development of the theory of the distribu tion of prime numbers in the period starting in antiquity and concluding at the end of the first decade of the 20th century. We shall also present some later developments, mostly in short comments, although the reader will find certain exceptions to that rule. The period of the last 80 years was full of new ideas (we mention only the applications of trigonometrical sums or the advent of various sieve methods) and certainly demands a separate book.

This book presents the history of prime numbers before 1926 Its aim is to present the main results and proofs and to outline the development of methods with which such problems were attacked in the course of time It can be read by any person with the knowledge of the fundamental notions of number theory and complex analysis

Klappentext

This book presents the development of Prime Number Theory from its beginnings until the end of the first decade of the XXth century. Special emphasis is given to the work of Cebysev, Dirichlet, Riemann, Vallée-Poussin, Hadamard and Landau. The book presents the principal results with proofs and also gives, mostly in short comments, an overview of the development in the last 80 years. It is, however, not a historical book since it does not give biographical details of the people who have played a role in the development of Prime Number Theory. The book contains a large list of references with more than 1800 items. It can be read by any person with a knowledge of fundamental notions of number theory and complex analysis.

Zusammenfassung
"This is a most welcome addition to the literature on prime numbers, zeta and L-functions and arithmetical functions. ... The style is clear, with just the right amount of details. Each chapter closes with carefully chosen Exercises. Novices and experts alike will find that this a book of highest quality, which sets a standard for future works dealing with the history of Mathematics." (A.Ivic, zbMATH 0942.11002, 2021)

Inhalt

1. Early Times.- 2. Dirichlet's Theorem on Primes in Arithmetic Progressions.- 3. ?ebysev's Theorem.- 4. Riemann's Zeta-function and Dirichlet Series.- 5. The Prime Number Theorem.- 6. The Turn of the Century.- References.- Author Index.