Protection of coastal waters from direct pollution by coastal cities is a vital task in preserving marine ecosystems and promoting human health. This book, edited by two leading experts on wastewater management for coastal cities, delves deeply into the ecological and oceanographic fundamentals that are essential for understanding of what happens to wastes discharged into the nearshore marine environment. It explains the requirements for rational engineering design and operation of the physical and institutional components of coastal city wastewater management, and it provides guidelines for hydraulic design, ocean outfall construction, monitoring, cost recovery, and other economic aspects. Case studies are included, drawn from the editors' worldwide field experience.

Inhalt
1 Overview.- 2 Oceanography at the Margin.- 2.1 The Physical, Geological, and Chemical Framework.- 2.2 The Living Sea.- 2.3 Special Topics.- 2.4 References.- 3 Ecological Design.- 3.1 Public Health.- 3.2 Design for Marine Ecosystems.- 3.3 Ocean Dumping.- 3.4 References.- 4 Hydraulic Design.- 4.1 Concepts and Definitions.- 4.2 Qualitative Descriptions of Receiving Waters.- 4.3 Methods of Analysis for Outfall Siting.- 4.4 Equations for Estimating Turbulent Diffusion.- 4.5 Comparisons of Results.- 4.6 Outfall and Outlet Location.- 4.7 Outlet Design and Initial Dilution.- 4.8 Other Hydraulic Design Considerations.- 4.9 Appendix. A note on Post-Audits.- 4.10 References.- 5 Construction Materials.- 5.1 Pipe Materials.- 5.2 Recommended Reading.- 6 On-Bottom Stability.- 6.1 Forces.- 6.2 Vertical Stability of Unburied Pipelines.- 6.3 Vertical Stability of Buried Pipelines.- 6.4 Lateral Stability of Unburied Pipelines.- 6.4.1 Density Anchors.- 6.4.2 Mechanical Anchors.- 6.5 Lateral Stability of Buried Pipelines.- 6.6 References.- 7 Stress Analysis.- 7.1 Identifying and Analyzing Stress.- 7.2 References.- 8 Corrosion Control.- 8.1 Corrosion Protection for Steel in Seawater.- 9 Ocean Outfall Construction.- 9.1 Practical Limits to Current Construction Practices.- 9.2 Construction Methods.- 9.3 Trenching and Backfilling.- 9.4 Shore Approach.- 9.5 Tunneling.- 9.6 Construction Monitoring and Inspection.- 9.7 References.- 10 Monitoring.- 10.1 A Framework for Sustainable Monitoring.- 10.2 Some Performance Monitoring Principles.- 10.2.1 Equilibrium Response Times and Monitoring Design.- 10.3 Hydraulic and Structural Monitoring.- 10.4 Discharge Monitoring.- 10.5 Ecological Monitoring.- 10.6 The Infaunal Trophic Index.- 10.7 Recovery of Damaged Ecosystems.- 10.8 Post-Audits.- 10.9 Regulatory and Zero-Discharge Models.- 10.10 Appendix. Power Spectrum Analysis.- 10.11 References.- 11 Case Studies.- 11.1 Scope of Case Studies.- 11.2 The Yangtze Estuary: The Second Shanghai Sewerage Project.- 11.3 The Thames Estuary.- 11.5 Boston Harbor.- 11.6 Southern California Bight.- 11.6.1 Ocean Disposal of Southern California Wastewaters.- 11.6.2 Recovery of Damaged Ecosystems.- 11.6.3 References.- 12 Cost and Sustainability Factors.- 12.1 What Costs? What Benefits? Who Pays?.- 12.2 Costs of Ocean Outfalls.- 12.3 Estimating Marginal Costs and Benefits.- 12.4 Principles of Comparative Costing.- 12.5 Sustainable Water and Sanitation Management.- 12.5 References.- 13 Index.