600 km giving insight into the 3D structure of the upper mantle. These data are confronted with the requirements of the CTBT for 3D regional seismic models of the lithosphere-asthenosphere system. The two primary purposes of the present work are, first, to present these seismic observations on super long-range profiles in digitised format, using peaceful nuclear explosions (PNE) in the former USSR, and, second, to present the joint thoughts of experts from the deep seismic sounding (DSS) and the comprehensive test ban treaty (CTBT) communities. Implications for petrological and other earth science disciplines are presented.
Audience: The CTBT community and earth scientists interested in the 3D structure of the lithosphere-asthenosphere system.

Zusammenfassung
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Moscow, Russia, 13-16 April 1997

Inhalt
Potential of Russian Peaceful Nuclear Explosion Data.- 1. The GEON Centre: 25 Years of Implementation of PNE in Studies of Earth's Deep Structure.- 2. Conservation of Lithospheric DSS-Data.- 3. Major Features of the Mantle Velocity Structure Beneath Northern Eurasia from Long-Range Seismic Recordings of Peaceful Nuclear Explosions.- 4. Evidence for 520-km Discontinuity.- 5. Observation of Teleseismic Pn/Sn on Super Long-Range Profiles in Northern Eurasia and Their Implications for the Structure of the Lithosphere.- 6. Central Siberia Upper Mantle Cross-Section from Deep Seismic Sounding Explosions.- 7. Eurasian Mantle Structure Derived from the Records of Nuclear Explosions.- 8. Two Reflectors in the 400 km Depth Range Revealed from Peaceful Nuclear Explosion Seismic Sections.- 9. Underground Explosion Seismic Source Function in Various Rock Media as Obtained from PNE Local Data.- 10. Rock Fracturing Processes Due to Nonlinear Shock Waves in Hot Fluid-Pressurized Domains.- Novel Techniques in Upper Mantle Exploration.- 11. Problems of Active Seismology.- 12. The Transition from Cold to Hot Areas of North America Interpreted from Early Seismic Rise Record Sections.- 13. Heterogeneity of the Uppermost Eurasian Mantle Along the DSS Profile 'Quartz', Russia.- 14. Observation of Lg and S Wave Propagation Along the Ultra-Long Range Profile 'Quartz', Russia.- 15. Joint Inversion of Teleseismic Delay Times and Gravity Anomaly Data for Regional Structures. Theory and Synthetic Examples.- 16. Teleseismic Tomography in Sweden-Denmark-Germany, Project TOR.- 17. The 1995 U. S. Deep Probe Project.- From One-To Three-Dimensional Upper Mantle Models.- 18. The Anelasticity of the Earth: How Much Do We Know about Q?.- 19. Three-Dimensional Velocity Structure of the Earth'sUpper Mantle.- 20. From IASP-91 Global Model to a 3-D Model for CTBT Monitoring. Description of the First Steps towards the Calibration of the Global CTBT Network.- 21. Small-Scale Heterogeneities of the Upper Mantle.- 22. General Features of the Upper Mantle Structure from Seismic Data.- 23. Lateral Heterogeneity Implications from 2-D Nuclear -Seismic Travel-Time Inversion.- 24. Density Heterogeneities of the European Upper Mantle Inferred from 3-D Large-Scale Gravity Modelling.- 25. Surface Wave Tomographic Study of Central Asia Tectonic Regimes.- 26. Temperature and Dynamics of the Upper Mantle beneath the French Massif Central.- Upper Mantle Structure, Composition and Dynamics.- 27. The Lithospheric Velocity Structure of Southern Africa.- 28. Constraints on Crustal and Upper Mantle Structure from Intermediate Period Surface Waves.- 29. Shallow Continental Lithospheric Mantle Heterogeneity Petrological Constraints.- 30. Seismic Anisotropy and Flow in the Mantle.- 31. Seismic Anisotropy of the Upper Mantle of the Urals.- 32. Rheological Weakening of Subducted Slabs Due to the Persistence of Metastable Olivine Down to 600 km Depth.- 33. The Effects of Subduction Zones on Teleseismic SH Waves: A Numerical Study.- 34. A Partially Molten Zone beneath the Global 8° Discontinuity at ? 100 km Depth with a New Interpretation of the Lehmann Discontinuity.- List of Participants.- List of Contributors.