The polycrystalline and nanocrystalline states play an increasingly important role in exploiting the properties of materials, encompassing applications as diverse as pharmaceuticals, catalysts, solar cells and energy storage. A knowledge of the three-dimensional atomic and molecular structure of materials is essential for understanding and controlling their properties, yet traditional single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods lose their power when only polycrystalline and nanocrystalline samples are available. It is here that powder diffraction and single-crystal electron diffraction techniques take over, substantially extending the range of applicability of the crystallographic principles of structure determination.

This volume, a collection of teaching contributions presented at the Crystallographic Course in Erice in 2011, clearly describes the fundamentals and the state-of-the-art of powder diffraction and electron diffraction methods in materials characterisation, encompassing a diverse range of disciplines and materials stretching from archeometry to zeolites. As such, it is a comprehensive and valuable resource for those wishing to gain an understanding of the broad applicability of these two rapidly developing fields.

It is the only book of its kind that is dedicated to covering these two structural characterization techniques in depth These two complementary techniques have developed rapidly over the past decade and the book covers much of the state-of-the-art in both Materials scientists wishing to understand the basics and range of applicability of the techniques will gain a broad and comprehensive understanding of these closely related areas of research

Inhalt

Preface.- Part 1 Powder Diffraction.- Powder Diffraction: By Decades.- Rietveld Refinement.- Structure Solution - an Overview.- Inorganic Materials.- Organic Compounds.- Laboratory X-ray Diffraction.- Synchrotron X-Ray Powder Diffraction.- Ultra Fast Powder Diffraction.- Taking it to Extremes Powder Diffraction at Elevated Pressures.-Structure Solution by Charge Flipping.- Structure Solution: Global Optimisation Methods.- Proteins and Powders: Technical Developments.- Proteins and Powders: An Overview.- Parametric Powder Diffraction.- Powder Diffraction + Computational Methods.- Information on Imperfections.- Pair Distribution Function Technique: Principles and Methods.- Debye Analysis.- Quantitative Phase Analysis.- Quantifying amorphous phases.- Quantitative phase analysis: method developments.- Texture - an Overview.- The future of powder diffraction is 2-D.- Part 2 - Electron crystallography.- Electron Crystallography New methods to explore Structure and Properties of the Nano World.- Image formation in the Electron Microscope.- Models for Precession Electron Diffraction.- Structure Solution using HRTEM.- Combination of X-ray Powder Diffraction, Electron Diffraction and HRTEM data.- Automated Electron Diffraction Tomography.- Automated Quantitative 3D Electron Diffraction Rotation Tomography.- Introduction to ADT/ADT3D.- Electrostatic Potential determined from Electron Diffraction Data.- Domino Phase Retrieval Algorithm for Structure Solution.- LARBED: Exploring the 4th dimension in Electron Diffraction.- Shadow Imaging for Charge Distribution Analysis.- Electron Diffraction of Protein 3D Nanocrystals.- Parallel-beam Diffraction and Direct Imaging in an aberration-corrected STEM.-Electron diffraction of commensurately and incommensurately modulated Materials.- Detection of Magnetic Circular Dichroism using TEM and EELS.- Index.-