Ultrafast Phenomena IX

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Beschreibung

This volume contains papers presented at the Ninth International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena held at Dana Point, CA, USA, from May 2 to 6, 1994. The biannual Ultrafast Phenomena Conferences provide a forum for discussion of the latest advances in ultrafast optics and applications in science and engineering. The vitality and excitement of the various disciplines sharing common interest in ultrafast phenomena were well represented at the meeting by the 438 participants from 18 countries, including 98 students. Cross-fertilization of ultrafast concepts and techniques among the various scientific and engineering disciplines continues to be the primary driving force behind this successful meeting. Progress was reported in the technology of generating ultrafast pulses, includ ing extensions in pulse width, output power, wavelength range, and intensity. Ultrafast spectroscopy continues to impact and expand the knowledge base of fundamental processes in physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering. A new series of lively, late-night panel discussions were introduced at this meeting, re flecting the maturing of the field into applications, while at the same time keeping a strong interest in fundamentals. Acknowledgements. Many people and organizations contributed to the success of this meeting. The members of the program committee deserve special thanks for reviewing all the papers and organizing the final program. The staff of the Opti cal Society of America very expertly took care of the conference arrangements.
Autorentext
Ultrafast science is a highly multidisciplinary field covering the study of ultrafast phenomena in physics, chemistry, biophysics and engineering, optical communication, ultrafast electronics, medicine, and material science. With more than 120 contributions, this proceedings volume gives an accurate snapshot and up-to-date introduction of this fast-developing field.
Inhalt
I Overview and General Topics.- Ultrafast Solid-State Lasers: Status and Prospects.- Applications of the Chronocyclic Representation of Ultrashort Light Pulses.- Development of Practical Femtosecond Lasers.- Brave New Nanoworld: Probing the Realm of Ultrafast, Ultrasmall Electronics.- Real-World Ultrafast Semiconductor Laser-Diode Sources.- Coherent Control? Is not a Question.- High-Harmonic Generation: The Route to Attosecond Pulses.- Time-Resolved Spectroscopic Techniques in Laser Medicine.- Sub-10 fs Pulse Generation in Ti:Sapphire: Capabilities and Ultimate Limits.- Pulse Shaping and Spectral Filtering for High-Speed Optical Networks.- Quantum Control of Vibrational Dynamics with Tailored Light Pulses.- Coherent Control: Optics, Molecules, and Materials.- II Elementary Dynamics: Chemistry, Biology, and Physics.- Electronic-Relaxation Dynamics in Solution.- Vibrational Dynamics in Liquids and Glasses Probed with Infrared Photon Echoes Using a Free-Electron Laser.- Ultrafast Optical and Vibrational Studies of Some Simple Chemical Reactions in Solutions.- Transient Resonance Impulsive Stimulated Raman-Scattering Study of Nascent Diiodide Ions: Experiment and Simulation.- Direct Transient-Absorption Spectroscopy and Absorption Anisotropy of the Solvated Electron in Water and Alcohols.- Femtosecond Dynamics in Polar Liquids.- Femtosecond Molecular Dynamics in Gases and Liquids Through Photon Echoes with Incoherent Light.- Coherence in PhotodissociationRecombination Dynamics of I2 Isolated in Rare-Gas Solids.- Broad-Band Transient-IR Spectroscopy of Metal-Carbonyl Photochemistry.- Chemical-Substitution and Deuterium-Isotope Effects on Ultrafast Intermolecular Electron Transfer: Possible Role of Molecular Vibrations.- Vibrational Relaxation of a Charged Species in Non-Polar Solvent.- Femtosecond Dynamics of Aggregate Excitons in Liquids.- Locally Ordered Structures in Molecular Liquids Revealed with Femtosecond Fourier-Transform Raman Spectroscopy.- Femtosecond Studies of Charge Separation in the Fluorescent State of DCM.- Coherent Optical Polarization of Large Coherence-Length Frenkel Excitons in Pseudoisocyanine J Aggregates.- Local Order and Ultrafast Molecular Dynamics of Liquids: Subpicosecond Transient-Grating Optical Kerr-Effect Experiments.- Femtosecond Dynamics in Hydrogen-Bonding Solvents: Temperature Dependence of the Inertial and Diffusive Relaxation of Liquid Acetic Acid.- Optical Dephasing Dynamics in Room-Temperature Liquids.- Electronic Dephasing in Mixed Crystals and Glasses at High Pressure.- On the Role of Quantum Interference in the Free-Induction Decay from Wave-Packet Systems.- Femtosecond Two-Dimensional Raman Spectroscopy of Liquid Water.- Einstein Causality in Time-Resolved Intra-Atom Quantum Correlations.- Vibrationally Resolved Reaction Dynamics in the Condensed Phase: Excited Product States of DCN.- Solvent Dependence of the Femtosecond Three-Pulse Photon Echo for LD690 in n-Alcohols.- Attractive and Repulsive Forces in the Decay of Vibrational Coherence.- III Spectroscopy and Advances in Measurements.- Interferometric Measurements of Femtosecond Laser-Cavity Dispersion.- Near-Field Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy on Single Molecules and Photosynthetic Membranes.- Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating: Measuring the Intensity and Phase of an Ultrashort Laser Pulse.- Spatio-Temporal Holography.- Programmable Femtosecond-Pulse Shaping and Spectroscopy.- Real-Time Two-Photon Confocal Microscopy Using a Femtosecond, Amplified Ti:Sapphire System.- Integrated Atomic Force Microscope and Ultrafast Sampling Probe.- Single-Shot, Pulse-Length-Limited Ultrafast Transient-Absorption Spectroscopy.- Observation of Fifth-Order Optical Response of Liquid CS2 by Non-Resonant Six-Wave Mixing.- Group-Delay Dispersion Measurement of Laser Mirrors by Spectrally Resolved White-Light Interferometry.- Intensity and Phase Measurements of Femtosecond Pulses from a Chirped-Pulse Amplifier.- Femtosecond Time Resolution in Scanning Tunneling Microscopy.- A Dual-Beam Sub-Picosecond Spectrometer for the 511 ?m Spectral Region and Its Application to Vibrational Relaxation in the S1 State.- Ultrafast Vibrational Energy Relaxation in [(NC)5MIICNMIII(NH3)5]1? (M = Ru, Os) Studied by Picosecond Infrared Spectroscopy.- Liquid-Water Dynamics Probed by Femtosecond Infrared Spectroscopy.- IV Sources.- All-Solid-State Diode-Pumped CW Femtosecond Cr:LiSrAlF6 Lasers.- A Self-Mode-Locked Ti:Al2O3 Laser Pumped by a Frequency-Doubled Nd:YLF Minilaser.- Sub-100 fs Homogeneously and Inhomogeneously Broadened Nd:Glass Lasers.- Nonlinear Interactions in a Two-Color Cross-Mode-Locked fs Ti:Sapphire Laser.- Ultrashort-Pulse Multi-Terawatt Ti:Sapphire Laser System.- Amplification in Ti:Sapphire at the Gain-Narrowing Limit.- Operation Parameters of Antiresonant Fabry-Perot Saturable Absorbers for Passively Mode-Locked Solid-State Lasers.- Passive Mode-Locking of a Flashlamp-Pumped Ti:Al2O3 Laser.- Tunable Femtosecond Pulses in the Visible by Optical Parametric Amplification.- Production of Programable Amplified, Shaped Pulses in Femtosecond Lasers.- All-Solid-State Laser System for the Generation of Tunable Femtosecond Pulses down to 175 nm.- Infrared-Pulse Generation Using a Subpicosecond OPO.- Chirped-Pulse Amplification of Ultrashort Pulses Using Neodymium- and Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers.- High-Repetition-Rate Blue-Pumped ?BaB2O4 Femtosecond Optical Parametric Oscillator Tunable in the Visible.- Femtosecond-Pulse Generation at 1.3 ?m from a Praseodymium-Fibre Laser.- Tunable Femtosecond Sources and Optical Parametric Generators.- Ultraviolet Picosecond-Pulse Amplification in a New Solid-State-Laser Medium: Ce3+:LuLiF4.- Soliton Compression in a Nonlinear Amplifying-Loop Mirror.- Femtosecond Cr4+:YAG Laser.- Sub-40 fs Pulse Generation in a KTP-Based Parametric Oscillator.- Use of Monolithic Tunable Laser Diodes for Chirped-Pulse Amplification in Fiber Amplifiers.- Coherent Pulse Shaping in a Self-Mode-Locked Ti:Sapphire Laser.- Intracavity Doubling in Ti:Sapphire.- Optical Parametric Amplification of the White-Light-Continuum Components at 250 kHz from a Ti:Sapphire Regenerative Amplifier.- 40 GHz Soliton-Train Generation Through Multisoliton Pulse Propagation in a Dispersion-Varying Optical-Fiber Circuit.- Robust Pulse-Shaping Techniques for Quantum Molecular Control.- V High-Intensity and Nonlinear Effects.- Climbing a Ladder System by Frequency-Chirped Laser Pulses.- Coherence Properties of High-Order Harmonic Radiation.- Use of Self-Trapped Filaments in Air to Trigger Lightning.- Optical Breakdown in Wide-Band-Gap Materials as a Function of Pulse Duration.- Laser-Solid Interaction at 10181019 W/cm2.- Electron Energies in Field-Ionized Laser Plasmas.- Mode Properties of a High Intensity Plasma Waveguide.- Self-Channeling of High Peak-Power Femtosecond Laser Pulses in Air.- Observation of the Dynamics of Electron-Plasma Oscillations in Femtosecond Laser-Produced Plasmas.- Intrastromal Corneal Reshaping Using Near-Infrared Picosecond Laser Pulses.- Damage Threshold as a Function of Pulse Duration in Biological Tissue.- Ultrafast Observation of an Electron Gas in SiO2.- Multielectron Dissociative Ionization of Chlorine Molecules in Intense Femto- and Picosecond Laser Fields: A Puzzling Result.- Programmable Wave-Function Engineering in Cs Rydberg States.- Phase-Matching Optima for High-Order Multiwave Mixing and Harmonic Generation Beyond the Perturbation Limit.- A 3-D Numerical Code for the Propagation of Optical Pulses in Nonlinear Media.- Time-Resolved Thermionic Electron Emission and Non-Thermal Ion Emission from Au Excited by Intense fs Pulses.- Phase-Sensitive Characterization of Short-Scale-Length Plasmas.- An Efficient K? X-Ray Source from Femtosecond Laser-Produced Plasmas.- Nonlinear Plasma Waves Resonantly Driven by Optimized Laser-Pulse Trains.- Hybrid Grating-Prism Stretcher-Compressor System with Cubic Phase and Wavelength Tunability, and Decreased Alignment Sensitivity.- Time-Gated X-Ray Imaging Using an Ultrashort-Pulse, Laser-Produced-Plasma X-Ray Source.- VI Metals, Surfaces, and Materials.- Ultrafast Electronic Processes in Porous Silicon.- Terahertz Spectroscopy of Silicon-Micromachined Three-Dimensional Photonic Band-Gap Crystal.- Time-Domain Interferometric Measurement of Photonic Band Structure in a One-Dimensional Quasicrystal.- Microscopic Study of Ferroelectrics with Ultrashort Phonon Polaritons.- Adsorbate Infrared Spectral Response Following Femtosecond Metal-Substrate Heating.- Nonlinear Vibrational Spectroscopy of Liquids and Liquid/Air Interfaces with Ultrashort Laser Pulses.- Ultrafast Time-Resolved Dynamics of Hot-Electron Distributions in Silicon.- Direct Observation of Ultrafast Ionic Screening.- Ultrafast Isomerization Dynamics at Interfaces by Time-Resolved Second-Harmonic Generation.- Femtosecond Photoemission Studies of Electron Relaxation at Cu Surfaces.- Femtosecond Time-Resolved Studies of Nan and Hgn Metal Clusters.- Real-Time Vibrational Dynamics of K2.- Femtosecond Studies of Photoinduced Electron Dynamics at the Liquid-Solid Interface of Semiconductor Nano-Particles in Water.- Impulsive Stimulated Raman Scattering and Coherent Soft Phonons in LaAlO3.- Femtosecond Switching of the Solid-State Phase Transition in VO2.- Femtosecond Exciton Dynamics in Polyaniline and Polyaniline-Polymethyl Mathacrylate.- Ultrafast Relaxation Dynamics of Photoexcitations in Nanometer-Size Amorphous Selenium Clusters.- Femtosecond Optical Spectroscopy of Partially Deoxygenated Y-Ba-Cu-O Thin Films.- Terahertz Emission by Coherent Lattice Vibrations in Tellurium.- Femtosecond Measurements of Ballistic and Interactive Transport of Non-Equilibrium Electrons in Thin Gold Films.- Observation of Coherent Surface-Optical Phonons by Time-Resolved Second-Harmonic Generation.- VII Semiconductors, Quantum Confinement, and Optoelectronics.- Time-Resolved Studies of Bloch Oscillations in Semiconductor Superlattices.- Dynamics of Coherently Excited Semiconductor Microcavities.- Femtosecond Ellipsometric Study of Carrier Dynamics in Si1-xGex.- Advances in Ultrafast Scanning-Probe Microscopy.- Time-Resolved Nonlinear Near-Field Optical Microscopy of Semiconductor Microdisks.- Ultrafast Dynamics in CdSe Nanocrystals.- Interplay Between Inhomogeneous Broadening and Coulomb Interaction in the Dynamics of Excitonic Wave Packets.- A Four-Wave-Mixing Study of Electron Scattering in Modulation-Doped GaAS Quantum Wells in High Magnetic Field.- Femtosecond Coherent Generation of Hot Electrons Monitored Via Band-to-Acceptor Luminescence in GaAs.- Terahertz Study of Field Screening: 10100 fs Regime.- Extremely Fast Biexcitonic Radiative Decay in GaAs Quantum Wells.- Bound and Unbound Two-Exciton Contributions to the Nonlinear Optical Response of GaAs Quantum Wells.- Femtosecond Coherent Spectroscopy of Excitonic and Free-Carrier Polarizations in Bulk GaAs.- Carrier Transport in 1.5 ?m Quantum-Well Laser Structures.- Influence of Inhomogeneous Broadening on Quantum Beats.- Time-Resolved Optoelectronic Measurements of Nitrogen-Implanted GaAs Crystals.- Calculation of Photogenerated Carrier Escape Rates from Single GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs Quantum Wells.- Picosecond Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer for Optoelectronic IC Device Characterization.- Upper Satellite Conduction-Band Population Dynamics in GaAs.- Nonlinear Optical Studies of Microstructured GaAs/AlAs.- Non-Equilibrium Dynamics of Holes in p-Type Germanium Studied by Femtosecond Infrared Spectroscopy.- Excitation-Induced Phase Shifts of Heavy- and Light-Hole Quantum Beats in Multiple Quantum Wells.- Rabi Flopping in Semiconductors.- Femtosecond Blue-Continuum Generation and Its Application to the Study of ZnS:Mn Nanocrystals.- Terathertz Radiation from Delta-Doped GaAs.- Transient Reflective-Polarization Spectroscopy of Hidden Anisotropy in Cubic Crystals.- Dominant Biexcitonic Nonlinear Response in GaAs Quantum Wells.- Enhancement of Coherent Charge Oscillations in Coupled Quantum Wells by Femtosecond Pulse Shaping.- Femtosecond Spectral Hole Burning in InGaAs/AlGaAs Strained-Layer Single-Quantum-Well Diode Lasers.- Optical Enhancement of Terahertz Emission from Bulk Semi-Insulating GaAs.- Pulse-Doped GaAs Nonlinear Transmission Lines for 630 fs, 1 V Transients.- Generation of Tunable Narrow-Band Free-Space Terahertz Radiation.- AC-Stark Effect of the Fermi-Edge Singularity: Observation of Excitonic Polarons?.- Femtosecond Carrier Dynamics at InP/Liquid Interfaces in the Presence of Electric Fields.- Observation of Biexcitons in Time-Resolved Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing on GaAs Quantum Wells.- Picosecond Dynamics of Carrier Cooling in CdSe: Reduced Energy-Loss Rates Caused by Hot-Phonon Effects.- Ultrafast Magnetoexciton Dynamics in GaAs.- VIII Biology: Primary Dynamics, Electron and Energy Transfer.- Direct Observation of Vibrational Dephasing in Functional Proteins.- Femtosecond Vibrationally Coherent Photochemistry in the Primary Event in Vision.- Femtosecond Energy Transfer and Coherent Oscillations in BChl c Light-Harvesting Antennae of Chlorosomes from the Green Photosynthetic Bacterium Chloroflexus Aurantiacus.- Time-Resolved Infrared Studies of Ultrafast Protein Dynamics Triggered by CO Photodissociation from CO Myoglobin.- Femtosecond Coherence Spectroscopy of Heme Proteins.- Coherent Nuclear Motions and Exciton-State Dynamics in Photosynthetic Light-Harvesting Pigments.- Direct Observation of the Accessory Bacteriochlorophyll in the Primary Electron Transfer in Bacterial Reaction Centers.- Femtosecond Infrared Spectroscopy of the Photosynthetic Reaction Center.- Ultrafast Energy Transfer in the Core Light-Harvesting Complex of the Photosynthetic Bacterium Rhodobacter Sphaeroides Observed by Fluorescence Upconversion.- Ultrafast Mid-IR Spectroscopy of Carbonmonoxymyoglobin: The Dynamics of Ligand Motion.- Vibrational Dynamics at the Active Site of Myoglobin: Picosecond Infrared Free-Electron-Laser Experiments.- Ultrafast Isomerization Dynamics of 11-cis-Locked 8-Membered Rhodopsin.- Direct Determination of the S2 Lifetime of ?-Carotene by Femtosecond Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy.- Femtosecond Transient-Grating Studies of Electron Transfer in Porphyrin and Chlorophyll Donor-Acceptor Molecules.- Picosecond Time-Resolved Vibrational Spectrum of Batho-Rhodopsin at Room Temperature: Effect of Changing Rhodopsin Concentration.- Fluorescence of the Protonated and Unprotonated Schiff Base of Retinal at Room Temperature.- Picosecond Laser-Induced Electric-Field Modulation of Carotenoid Absorption Bands.- Time-Resolved Fluorescence Anisotropy in Chromophore Pairs.- Excited-State Processes and Photoinduced Antiviral Activity in Hypericin.- Primary Electron-Transfer Steps in Photosystem I Reaction Center with Reduced Number of Antenna Chlorophylls (1230 Chls/P700).- Distinguishing Between Energy- and Electron-Transfer Processes in Photosystem II Reaction Centres.- IX Chemistry: Electron and Energy Transfer and Solvation Dynamics.- Coupled-Oscillator Representation of Many-Body Effects in Ultrafast Optical Response.- Femtosecond Photon-Echo Study of Solution Dynamics Using a Cavity-Dumped Ti:Sapphire Laser.- Mechanical Relaxation and Solvation Dynamics in Non-Polar Solutions.- Determination of Two-Pulse Photon Echoes from Solvent Spectral Densities.- Development of Femtosecond Resonance-Raman-Gain Spectroscopy and Observation of the Vibrational Spectrum of Excitons with 1 ps Lifetime in Polydiacetylene.- Use of Phase-Locked Pulse Sequences for Probing the Degradation of Chiral Coherences.- Deep-Ultraviolet Femtosecond Multiphoton-Ionization Studies of the Excited-State Dynamics of Small Gas-Phase Molecules.- The Dynamical Hole: Ground-State Vibrational Coherence Induced by Resonant Impulsive Excitation.- Femtosecond Spectroscopy of the Gain Band of a Styryl Dye: The Band Shape in Terms of Solvation Dynamics.- Vibrational Relaxation of I2- in Polar and Non-Polar Solvents.- Ultrafast Dynamics as Reflected in MPI-Photoelectron Spectra: Aniline, Azulene, Phenanthrene, and Carbon Disulfide.- Solvent Influence on Barrier Crossing in the S1 State of cis- and trans-Stiff-Stilbene.- Coherence Transfer in Photoinitiated Solution-Phase Chemical Reactions.- Coherent Evolution Following Photolysis of Mn2(CO)10.- Direct Measurement of the Nuclear and Solvent Contributions to the Electron-Transfer Dynamics in Mixed-Valence Metal Dimers.- Resonance Transient-Population-Grating Spectroscopy of Ultrafast-Solvation Dynamics.- Importance of Femtosecond Solvent Motions on Electron-Transfer Reactions: A Study of Electrolyte Solutions.- Femtosecond Spectroscopy of Non-Adiabatic Photoisomerization Processes: Semiclassical Modeling.- Femtosecond Spectroscopic Studies of Barrierless Excited-State Decay of Triphenylmethane Dye Molecules in Alcohol Solutions.- Polarized Ultrafast Transient Spectroscopy of the Hydrated Electron: Quantum Non-Adiabatic Molecular-Dynamics Simulation.- Ultrafast Dynamics of the Excited Mesitylene Br-Atom·EDA Complex.- Index of Contributors.