Tumor Biomarker Discovery

Cancer cells provide biomarker material that can lead to their own detection. This text on biomarker technologies covers a range of biomarker assay formats and systems as well as pitfalls of biomarker discovery and validation technologies.

Biomarkers are molecular indicators of a biological status and, as biochemical species, can be interrogated to evaluate disease status and therapeutic interventions. Biomarkers may be detectable in the blood, other body fluids, or tissues. The expectation is that the level of an informative biomarker is related to the specific type of disease present in the body. Hence, disease-relevant biomarkers can be used to measure the presence, progress, or intensity of disease. Through a variety of mechanisms, cancer cells provide the biomarker material for their own detection. Tumor biomarkers include cancer-specific mutations or changes in gene expression, both of which can result in aberrant protein expression. These variant or abundant proteins can be detectable in the circulation as the free proteins or as novel autoantibodies to those proteins, the latter indicating that the immune system can provide an exquisitely sensitive sensor of disease. Because cancer cells shed DNA in the circu- tion, an event rarely seen in healthy individuals, tumor-specific genetic changes, such as promoter methylation or gene mutations, are detectable in DNA prepared from plasma or other body fluids. Cancer-related biochemical changes often effect measurable me- bolic variations within a cell or organism. In addition, these biochemical changes result in posttranslational modification of proteins via glycosylation or phosphorylation providing a plethora of opportunity for biomarker discovery.

Provides a detailed overview of the range of biomarker technologies as written by leading researchers in the field Useful both for researchers interested in new tumor biomarkers and physicians seeking familiarity with new technologies in the clinical setting Covers a wide range of biomarker assay formats and systems Presents alternative approaches to similar forms of biomarkers, covering a variety of detection technologies and approaches to data analysis Comprehensive guide to pitfalls of biomarker discovery and validation technologies

Klappentext

Through a variety of mechanisms, cancer cells provide the biomarker material that can lead to their own detection, which then grants clinicians the opportunity for non-invasive body fluid and tissue analysis able to indicate the presence of tumors or the level of tumor burden. In Tumor Biomarker Discovery: Methods and Protocols, experts in the field present detailed chapters focused on the use and development of panels of biomarker analytes while covering subjects such as nucleic acids and protein-based technologies, metabolic profiling by analytic means or spectroscopy, as well as study designs for biomarker discovery and validation. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, chapters include brief introductions to the topics, lists of the necessary materials or reagents, step-by-step laboratory protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.

Cutting-edge and authoritative, Tumor Biomarker Discovery: Methods and Protocols is an ideal guide to the technologies that can be used to discover and validate tumor biomarker panels suitable for the presymptomatic early detection of cancer.

Inhalt
Identification of Tumor-Associated Antigens as Diagnostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Cancer.- Autoantibodies Against Cancer Antigens.- Discovery of Antibody Biomarkers Using Protein Microarrays of Tumor Antigens Cloned in High Throughput.- Analysis of Glycans on Serum Proteins Using Antibody Microarrays.- Glycoproteomic Analysis by Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis.- All-Liquid Separations, Protein Microarrays, and Mass Spectrometry to Interrogate Serum Proteomes: An Application to Serum Glycoproteomics.- Reverse-Phase Protein Microarrays for Theranostics and Patient Tailored Therapy.- Serum Proteomics Using Mass Spectrometry.- Hormones as Biomarkers: Practical Guide to Utilizing Luminex Technologies for Biomarker Research.- High-Throughput Analysis of Serum Antigens Using Sandwich ELISAs on Microarrays.- Tissue Microarrays as a Tool in the Discovery and Validation of Tumor Markers.- Quantitative, Fluorescence-Based In-Situ Assessment of Protein Expression.- Tumor Marker Discovery by Expression Profiling RNA from Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded Tissues.- High-Throughput Mutation Screening Using a Single Amplification Condition.- DNA Sequencing of Cancer-Related Genes for Biomarker Discovery.- Analysis of Loss of Heterozygosity in Circulating DNA.- Pharmacogenomics.- Study Designs in Genetic Epidemiology.- Developing Classifiers for the Detection of Cancer Using Multi-Analytes.- Metabolomics of Cancer.- MRI and MRS of Human Brain Tumors.- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Living Tissues.