Is ecology at a crossroad? After three decades of rapid, though somewhat anarchic development, many ecologists now are beginning to ask this question. They have the feeling of no longer belonging to a unified and mature scientific discipline. Many of them claim to be mere empiricists, whereas others are proud to be considered theoreticians. Each side has its own journals and holds its own specialists' meetings, tending to disregard the achievements of the other. The communication gap between the two schools is quickly widening, to the detriment of both. To make things worse, the word "ecology" now has a different meaning for the professional biologists and the general public. Ecology is still considered as a creditable (though rather "soft") scientific discipline by the former, whereas it is perceived as a new, non-conformist political philosophy by the latter. Empirical ecologists are fundamentally naturalists who enjoy the immense complexity of the natural world and devote their lifetimes to the description of the many adaptive characteristics--morpholog ical, biological, or behavioral--of the hundreds of thousands of species sharing the earth with us. They generally are ignorant of, if not allergic to, the use of any mathematical representation of living phenomena. They' feel that ecological theory is rapidly becoming a mathematical game that has lost any contact with the "realities of life.

Inhalt
Progress and Promise in Plant Physiological Ecology.- Interaction and Integration--The Role of Microbiology in Ecological Research.- Aquatic Microbial Ecology--Research Questions and Opportunities.- Some Growth Points in Investigative Plant Ecology.- Research Questions in Ecology Relating to Community Ecology, Plant-Herbivore Interactions, and Insect Ecology in General.- Vegetation Science in the 1980s.- Ecological Research on Arthropods in Central Amazonian Forest Ecosystems with Recommendations for Study Procedures.- Considerations on Some Ecological Principles.- Towards a Landscape Ecology of River Valleys.- And Now? Ecosystem Research!.- Nutrient Immobilization in Decaying Litter: An Example of Carbon-Nutrient Interactions.- Stability and Destabilization of Central European Forest Ecosystems--A Theoretical, Data Based Approach.- Why Mathematical Models in Evolutionary Ecology?.- A Guideline for Ecological Research.- Simple Facts About Life and the Environment Not to Forget in Preparing Schoolbooks for Our Grandchildren.- Summary.- Acknowledgements.- Workshop Participants.