Post-communist transformation differs from any previous experience of societies in transition by its scope, speed, international framework and complicity. It contains elements of democratization, marketization, nation building, and the creation of a new international environment in the framework of globalization. The contributors give an 'internal' perspective of these highly complicated processes in a comparative form and using a multidisciplinary approach.

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ATTILA AGH Professor of Political Science, University of Economic Sciences, Budapest LESZEK BALCEROWICZ is the leader of Union of Freedom in Poland JOZSEF BAYER Head of Department of Political Science, University ELTE, Budapest SERGEI BOLSHAKOV Senior Research Fellow, Institute of US and Canadian Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow EVGENII DAINOV Director, Centre for Social Practices, New Bulgarian University, Sofia TERENCE DUFFY Division of Politics and International Studies, University of Ulster IVAN GABAL Private consultant and part-time lecturer at Charles University, Prague TOM GALLAGHER Professor of Ethnic Conflict and Peace, University of Bradford, Great Britain EUGENIJUS MALDEIKIS Chairman of the Board of the Property Bank, Partner at the Economic Research Centre, Vilnius GEDIMINAS RAINYS Director of the Economic Research Centre, Vilnius JANUSZ STAFANOWICZ Head of the Research Unit of European Political Relations, Institute for Political Studies, Warsaw HÅKAN WIBERG Director of the Copenhagen Peace Research Institute

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Acknowledgements Notes on the Contributors INTRODUCTION Ten Years After; W.Kostecki PART I: EAST-CENTRAL EUROPE: A CHANCE OR THREAT TO PEACE East-Central Europe - Where and How? H.Wiberg Russia and East-Central Europe: Changes and Blessings; S.Bolshakov The New East-Central Europe and European Security: Snakes which Divide; J.Stefanowicz PART II: PROGRESS REPORTS Albania: Beyond the Hoxha Legacy; T.Duffy Bulgaria: A Stop-Go Modernization; E.Dainov Czechoslovakia: The Break-up and its Consequences; I.Gabal Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania: The Way to Europe; E.Maldeikis & G.Rainys Hungary: In the Midst of Systemic Change; A.Agh Poland: An Effective Strategy of Systemic Change; K.Zukrowska Romania: Nationalism Defines Democracy; T.Gallagher Former Yugoslavia: Nations Above All; H.Wiberg PART III: DEMOCRATIC VICTORY AND THE LEGACY OF COMMUNISM Understanding Post-Communist Transitions; L.Balcerowicz The Waning Spectre of Neo-nationalism in East-Central Europe; J.Bayer East-Central Europe: Business Unleashed; K.Zukrowska CONCLUSION The Post-Communist World: A Conceptual Framework; B.Goralczyk Index