This volume contains the lectures presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on "Trafficking of Intracellular Membranes: From Molecular Sorting to Membrane Fusion", held in Espinho, Portugal, from June 19 to June 30,1994. The objective of this Institute was to survey recent developments and to discuss future directions in the rapidly advancing field of membrane cell biology, with particular emphasis on the dynamical properties and intracellular flow of membranes. A wide range of interrelated topics around the central theme of intracellular trafficking of membranes was covered, including lipid flow, membrane fusion, dynamics of membrane components, protein folding and assembly, vesicular transport in membrane biogenesis, exocytosis and endocytosis. A large variety of experimental techniques and systems, including the application of viruses and model systems, to study these processes was also considered. Membrane cell biology is a broad discipline which encompasses many scientific areas including cell biology, biochemistry, biophysics, virology, immunonology and genetics. Indeed, recent advances in the cell biology of membranes could not have been made without this multidisciplinary approach. Significant progress achieved during the last few years in understanding how newly synthesized lipids and proteins find their way to the cell organelles, how molecular sorting and the continuous flow of membranes allow each cellular membrane to maintain its own distinct molecular composition, and, thereby, the individuality of the various intracellular compartments, was discussed in considerable detail in this Institute.

Klappentext

This is a comprehensive account of the dynamic structure of membranes, including specific properties of membrane proteins and lipids, as well as their mutual interactions. Surveys are presented on the intracellular flow and fusion of membranes during endo- and exocytosis, the trafficking, sorting and recycling of lipids and proteins, and the maintenance of membrane lipid asymmetry. Furthermore, detailed chapters are presented on the biogenesis of organelle structures and the assembly of membrane proteins.An understanding of the dynamics of cellular membranes is highly relevant to issues such as virus infections, but also to topics like intracellular and transmembrane signalling, cell differentiation and oncogenesis.

Inhalt
Protein-lipid and lipid-lipid interactions in model systems and in biological membranes.- Dynamical properties of membranes: Application of fluorescent lipid analogs.- The erythrocyte aminophospholipid translocase.- Purification and substrate specificity of the human erythrocyte aminophospholipid transporter.- Phospholipids in platelets: Localization, movement and physiological function.- Interactions of peptides with phospholipid vesicles: Fusion, leakage and flip-flop.- Molecular mechanisms of membrane fusion.- Entry of enveloped viruses into host cells: Fusion activity of the influenza virus hemagglutinin.- Mass action model of virus fusion.- Viral membrane proteins as tools to study protein folding, assembly, and transport.- Membrane fusion induced by the HIV env glycoprotein: Purification of CD4 for reconstitution studies.- Cycling of rab proteins: Role of rab GDI in the reversible membrane association of rab GTP-ases.- Microtubule dependent transport and fusion of phagosomes with the endocytic pathway.- GTPases: Key regulatory components of the endocytic pathway.- Glycolipids of cellular surfaces: Topology of metabolism, function and pathobiochemistry of glycolipid binding proteins.- Niemann-Pick disease type A and B- Natural history of lysosomal sphingomyelinase.- Interaction of liposomes with cells in vitro.- Molecular analysis of exocytosis in neurons and endocrine cells.- Control of intracellular free calcium in neurons and endocrine cells.- Membrane fusion in the exocytotic release of neurotransmitters.- Recent advances in defining mannose receptor structure and function.- Cell cycle changes to the Golgi apparatus in animal cells.