Tools and Methods for Pollution Prevention

Difficult ethical and political issues confront the application of scientific and technological solutions for preventing pollution from occurring. Often the questions embodying proposed solutions to known problems are ambiguous; and no singular solution can exist for all locations. Yet the common organizing principle for all solutions to environmental problems must be scientific, because only sound science can provide a rational understanding that decision-makers can use universally. The NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) on Tools and Methods for Pollution Prevention (October 12-14, 1998, Prague, Czech Republic) was designed to assemble experts from NATO and former socialist countries of Eastern Europe to discuss science-based tools and methods, either available or in development, that can be used to analyze environmental impacts of manufacturing processes and manufactured products. The presentations at the workshop were written up specifically for the purpose of this book, albeit after peer reviews and thorough revisions. Most of the chapters focus on specific method development for designing environmentally benign processes or products. Several chapters take a broader view and focus on such designs from an implementation perspective, and dwell on ethical conflicts, resistance to change because of inertia or inadequate infrastructure, and on the lack of resources. We placed these chapters at the beginning of the book. The volume starts with the overview by Sikdar et aI. , who describe the scope and difficulties of pollution prevention in the manufacturing sectors.

Autorentext
Subhas Sikdar (retired) was the Associate Director for Science at EPA's National Risk Management Research Laboratory. He received his PhD in chemical engineering from the Univ. of Arizona (1975) and has worked for Occidental Petroleum, General Electric, NIST, and EPA, mostly in R&D management. During his technical career he has authored or coauthored more than 80 journal papers, edited 13 books, and has been awarded 26 U.S. patents. He is a Fellow of AIChE, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers, and has received AIChE's Research Excellence in Sustainability Award and the Lawrence K. Cecil Award in Environmental Chemical Engineering. He is the founder/editor of Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy and a section editor of Current Opinions in Chemical Engineering. Dr. Debalina Sengupta (Associate Director, Gas and Fuels Research Center, Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station, College Station, TX)Debalina Sengupta obtained a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Chemical Engineering from Jadavpur University, Calcutta, India, in 2003. In 2010, she earned the Doctor of Philosophy degree in chemical engineering from the Department of Chemical Engineering at Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Her research was on the optimization of industrial complexes and sustainability analysis using Total Cost Assessment Methodology. Following this, her first book titled "Chemicals from biomass: integrating bioprocesses into chemical production complexes for sustainable development" was published by CRC Press in the Green Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Series in 2012. After her PhD, she worked at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory of the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH as an ORISE Post Doctoral Fellow in the Sustainable Technology Division. Her research at the EPA was focused on Sustainable Supply Chain Design of Biofuels and Consumer Products, and decision-making in Sustainability using metrics and indicators. She has worked at Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering at Texas A&M University as a postdoctoral research associate where she developed educational modules for sustainable manufacturing. Dr. Sengupta is currently appointed as the Associate Director of the TEES Gas and Fuels Research Center. Dr. Rajib Mukherjee (Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX) Rajib Mukherjee hold a Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering from Louisiana State University (2010). He conducted postdoctoral research at Tulane University, Center for Computational Science and United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) as an ORISE postdoctoral fellow. At EPA he conductedresearch on sustainability assessment of chemical process. He has developed algorithm using multivariate statistical method to identify essential indicators that are necessary and sufficient for sustainability analysis. He also worked at University of Illinois Chicago/Vishwamitra Research Institute as a research engineer, developing algorithm for stochastic optimization under uncertainty. At present he is working at Texas A&M University as visiting assistant professor in the department of Mechanical Engineering. Rajib's interest includes multi-resolution and multivariate statistical analysis, optimization under uncertainty, multi-scale modeling, sensitivity analysis and sustainability evaluation of process systems.

Zusammenfassung
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, held in Prague, Czech Republic from 12-14 October 1998

Inhalt
Tools for Pollution Prevention.- Environmental Issues in Developed and Developing Countries: A View from the Chemical Community in the Czech Republic.- Promoting Cleaner Production as a Tool for Improvement of Industrial Production Efficiency and Environmental Protection Experience from Newly Independent States.- Pollution Prevention: an Opportunity for the Romanian Iron and Steel Industry Life Cycle Assessment, the First Step to Pollution Prevention.- Industry Approches to Life Cycle Assessment German Experience and Results of a Comparative European Survey.- The Application of Life Cycle Assessment to Process Selection, Design and Operation.- Lca: Comparison Between Recycle And Reuse of Glass Beer Bottles.- Simplified Lca to Identify Ecosystem Based Detergent-Policies for the Danube Basin Countries.- Life Cycle Assessment in Pollution Prevention Trends in Method Developments and Simplifications.- Environmental Impact in a Life-Cycle Framework: Practical Approaches for Decision Making.- The Eco-Indicator 98 Explained Lca Impact Assessment Methodology Intended for Product Development Application.- The Role of Mass Balance Modeling in Impact Assessment and Pollution Prevention.- Environmental Impact Assessment: an Overview of Method Types and Key Factors.- Process and Equipment Design for Utility-Based Pollution Prevention.- Synthesis of Batch Processes with Integrated Solvent Recovery.- Sustainable Pollution Prevention through Mass Integration.- Process Design for Environmental Problems.- Computer Aided Product Design and Pollution Prevention through Substitution.- Designing Environmentally Benign Solvent Substitutes.- Material Substitution History, Driving Forces and Current Developments.- Pollution Prevention Assessment Tools for Manufacturers.-Application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process for Integrating Environmental Considerations into Process Design Decisions.