Informationen zum Autor Mark Stoneking directs the Human Population History group in the Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany, and is Honorary Professor of Biological Anthropology at the University of Leipzig. Klappentext Molecular anthropology uses molecular genetic methods to address questions and issues of anthropological interest. More specifically, molecular anthropology is concerned with genetic evidence concerning human origins, migrations, and population relationships, including related topics such as the role of recent natural selection in human population differentiation, or the impact of particular social systems on patterns of human genetic variation.Organized into three major sections, An Introduction to Molecular Anthropology first covers the basics of genetics - what genes are, what they do, and how they do it - as well as how genes behave in populations and how evolution influences them. The following section provides an overview of the different kinds of genetic variation in humans, and how this variation is analyzed and used to make evolutionary inferences. The third section concludes with a presentation of the current state of genetic evidence for human origins, the spread of humans around the world, the role of selection and adaptation in human evolution, and the impact of culture on human genetic variation. A final, concluding chapter discusses various aspects of molecular anthropology in the genomics era, including personal ancestry testing and personal genomics. An Introduction to Molecular Anthropology is an invaluable resource for students studying human evolution, biological anthropology, or molecular anthropology, as well as a reference for anthropologists and anyone else interested in the genetic history of humans. Zusammenfassung Filling a unique and unmet need for introductory molecular anthropology texts, An Introduction to Molecular Anthropology covers basic genetic concepts, such as what genes are, what they do, and how they are inherited. Inhaltsverzeichnis Preface xi Chapter 1 Genes: How they are inherited 1 Blood and ABO blood groups 1 Inheritance of ABO blood groups 3 Inheritance of more than one gene: ABO and rhesus blood groups 4 Sex chromosomes 9 Determining how traits are inherited: Pedigree analysis 10 What is-and isn't-inherited 12 Concluding remarks 14 Chapter 2 What genes are, what they do, and how they do it 15 Chromosomes, proteins, and nucleic acids: Figuring out what genes are 15 The structure of genes and what they do: The central dogma and the flow of information 18 How genes do what they do: Transcription and translation 19 The genetic code 22 DNA replication 23 The consequences of mutations 23 What causes mutations? 25 A final cautionary note 26 Chapter 3 Genes in populations 27 What is a population? 27 The concept of "effective population size" 28 The sex ratio and Ne 29 Inbreeding and Ne 30 Variation in population size over time and Ne30 >e 31 Ne for humans 33 Chapter 4 A simple model: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium 35 The gene pool with no evolution: The Hardy-Weinberg principle 35 Exceptions 38 A real-life example 39 Some practical uses for Hardy-Weinberg 41 Chapter 5 Evolutionary forces 45 Non-random mating 45 Small population size 48 Mutation 53 Migration 56 Selection 60 Evolutionary forces: Summary 68 Chapter 6 Molecular evolution 69 Functionally less important molecules (or parts of molecules) evolve faster than more important ones 70 Conservative substitutions occur more frequently than disruptive ones 71 The rate of molecular evo...

Autorentext

Mark Stoneking directs the Human Population History group in the Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany, and is Honorary Professor of Biological Anthropology at the University of Leipzig.

Klappentext

Molecular anthropology uses molecular genetic methods to address questions and issues of anthropological interest. More specifically, molecular anthropology is concerned with genetic evidence concerning human origins, migrations, and population relationships, including related topics such as the role of recent natural selection in human population differentiation, or the impact of particular social systems on patterns of human genetic variation. Organized into three major sections, An Introduction to Molecular Anthropology first covers the basics of genetics - what genes are, what they do, and how they do it - as well as how genes behave in populations and how evolution influences them. The following section provides an overview of the different kinds of genetic variation in humans, and how this variation is analyzed and used to make evolutionary inferences. The third section concludes with a presentation of the current state of genetic evidence for human origins, the spread of humans around the world, the role of selection and adaptation in human evolution, and the impact of culture on human genetic variation. A final, concluding chapter discusses various aspects of molecular anthropology in the genomics era, including personal ancestry testing and personal genomics. An Introduction to Molecular Anthropology is an invaluable resource for students studying human evolution, biological anthropology, or molecular anthropology, as well as a reference for anthropologists and anyone else interested in the genetic history of humans.

Zusammenfassung
Filling a unique and unmet need for introductory molecular anthropology texts, An Introduction to Molecular Anthropology covers basic genetic concepts, such as what genes are, what they do, and how they are inherited.

Inhalt

Preface xi

Chapter 1 Genes: How they are inherited 1

Blood and ABO blood groups 1

Inheritance of ABO blood groups 3

Inheritance of more than one gene: ABO and rhesus blood groups 4

Sex chromosomes 9

Determining how traits are inherited: Pedigree analysis 10

What is-and isn't-inherited 12

Concluding remarks 14

Chapter 2 What genes are, what they do, and how they do it 15

Chromosomes, proteins, and nucleic acids: Figuring out what genes are 15

The structure of genes and what they do: The central dogma and the flow of information 18

How genes do what they do: Transcription and translation 19

The genetic code 22

DNA replication 23

The consequences of mutations 23

What causes mutations? 25

A final cautionary note 26

Chapter 3 Genes in populations 27

What is a population? 27

The concept of "effective population size" 28

The sex ratio and Ne 29

Inbreeding and Ne 30

Variation in population size over time and Ne30

e 31
Ne for humans 33

Chapter 4 A simple model: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium 35

The gene pool with no evolution: The Hardy-Weinberg principle 35

Exceptions 38

A real-life example 39

Some practical uses for Hardy-Weinberg 41

Chapter 5 Evolutionary forces 45

Non-random mating 45

Small population size 48

Mutation 53

Migration 56

Selection 60

Evolutionary forces: Summary 68

Chapter 6 Molecular evolution 69

Functionally less important molecules (or parts of molecules) evolve faster than more important ones 70

Conservative substitutions occur more frequently than disruptive ones 71

The rate of molecular evolution is approximately constant 72

Contrasting phenotypic and molecular evolution 73

How do new gene functions arise? 74

Gene regulation and phenotypic evolution 77

Chapter 7 Genetic markers 79

Classical markers: Immunogenetic markers 79

Classical markers: Biochemical polymorphisms 81

The first DNA markers: Restriction fragment length polymorphisms 84

Polymerase chain reaction 86

DNA sequencing: The sanger method 89

Next-generation sequencing 90

Targeting single DNA bases: SNPs 92

Variation in length 94

Other structural variation 99

Concluding remarks 100

**Chapter 8 Sampli…