Meliponini, the stingless bees of the tropics, process and store honey, pollen and plant resins to maintain their colonies. The chemical components of their nests are bioactive and believed to be therapeutic for a long list of maladies. However, only recently are tests and analyses being done with molecular and modern laboratory techniques, such as high throughput EDX, HPIC, HPLC, GC, NMR, PCR, and ultrastructural SEM; coupled with diverse detectors such as DAD, RI, MS, SCD.

This two-volume book is about the cerumen plant resins mixed with stingless bee wax and propolis, which fortify the colony in ways that are beginning to be understood. It includes reviews and new research on diverse topics involving the chemistry and bioactivity of plant resins, cerumen, propolis, besides bee and microbe behavior and ecology. These analytic studies are presented along with stingless bee biodiversity, palynology, cultural knowledge, bee foraging behavior, resin flower evolution, ecology, and evolution of nest microbe mutualisms, social immunity, human health, the decisive role of microbiology investigation in moving forward, natural history of stingless bee colonies and nests, marketing, and bibliometrics for plant resin use by bees, propolis, and the Starmerella yeast.

Rationale for stingless bee conservation Ancient cerumen pots and propolis Natural history and chemistry of stingless bee nest materials

Autorentext

Patricia Vit has studied Biology and MSc Food Science at Universidad Simon Bolivar, Caracas, Venezuela. She became Professor at Universidad de Los Andes in 1985, completed her PhD at Cardiff University, UK, visited the National University of Singapore, The University of Sydney, Australia, and Universidad Técnica de Machala, Ecuador. She supports the initiative Living Museum of Meliponini Bees in the World. Her research on pot-honey and SBH standards, expanded to cerumen and propolis structures of the nest. More than 100 papers and 34 books were published as an author or editor, including Pot-honey and Pot-Pollen. She received the Award Women in Science 2023, Health Science, from ACFIMAN, Caracas, Venezuela, and is a Council Member of the International Bee Research Association, UK.

Vassya Bankova obtained her PhD in Natural Product Chemistry at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia. In 2004 she became full professor at the Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. In her research she pays special attention to propolis - its chemical composition, plant origin, biological activity and standardization. Her total number of publications is over 220. She is a founding member of the Bulgarian Phytochemical Society. In 2015 she was elected to a corresponding member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, and in 2020 a member of Academia Europea.

Milena Popova obtained her Master's degree in chemistry and physics at Sofia University "Sv. Kliment Oxridski"; completed her PhD in natural product chemistry at the Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (IOCCP-BAS) in 2004, and became full professor at IOCCP-BAS in 2019. She was a postdoctoral researcher at University of Athens. Her research interests include chemical profiling, isolation and structural elucidation of bioactive compounds from natural products: endemic plants, propolis, mushrooms. She is a co-author of 100+ papers, cited over 3 800 times. She is a member of the Association for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Southeast Europe and Bulgarian Phytochemical Society, and is Head of the Laboratory "Chemistry of Natural Products" at IOCCP-BAS. David W Roubik, from the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancon, Panama, has written or edited 240 papers and 18 books about bee ecology, pollination and pollen, from worldwide tropical field work, co-editor of the Pot-honey and Pot-pollen books. It is timely to synthesize, record new data, and point out some of the most promising current information that, given time, will produce the same breadth and interest that the studies of Apis mellifera have produced. As I have pointed out, Apis contains 1/50th as many species, is present on ½ the land area (as a native) and is less than ½ the age of Meliponini, but it still holds public perception as "the bee". This should be remedied.

Inhalt
Part I. Stingless bees, propolis and resinous plant biodiversity.- Chapter. 1. Economic feasibility and income security of stingless bee-keeping for small holder farmers in Southeast Asia.- Chapter. 2. The chemical diversity of stingless bee propolis and cerumen.- Chapter. 3. Global trends on plant resin use by stingless bees (1985-2022) and Apis mellifera (1967-2022) research: A bibliometric analysis.- Chapter. 4. Pollen assemblages of propolis from stingless bees in two Mexican regions.- Chapter. 5. Stingless bees of Peru: The use of plant resins, cerumen and propolis.- Chapter. 6. Stingless bees (1955-2021) and other bees (1945-2021) in propolis research. A bibliometric review of scholarly articles.- Part. II. Resins for the plant, the environment and the stingless bees.- Chapter. 7. Division of labor in stingless bee nests: Does each kind of propolis have a role?.- Chapter. 8. Production and application of propolis from fivestingless bee species in China.- Chapter. 9. The importance of plant community composition and diversity for resin collection and functioning.- Chapter. 10. Use of plant resins and social immunity in honey bees and stingless bees.- Chapter. 11. Use of resins for defense and nest building in stingless bees.- Chapter. 12. Plant resins their role for plants and use by stingless bees.- Chapter. 13. The significance of palynological analysis of stingless bee products containing resins.- Chapter. 14. Notes on resins and other building sticky materials in the life of seven stingless bee species from the Chaco region, Argentina.- Chapter. 15. Where do stingless bees collect resins in the Neotropics?.- Chapter. 16. Etymology of 33 Neotropical stingless bee genera and 74 Melipona species in the tribe Meliponini Lepeletier, 1836 named in the period 1798-2012.- Chapter. 17. Pharmaceutical stingless bees.- Appendix. A.- Appendix. B.- Appendix. C.- Appendix. D.- Appendix. E.- Appendix. F.- Appendix. G.- Appendix. H.- Index.
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