In every respect, human development and human security are closely linked to the productivity of ecosystems. Our future rests squarely on their continued viability. UNDP, UNEP, World Bank, World Resources Institute: World Resources 2000- 2001. People and Ecosystems. The Fraying Web of Life. 1. OBJECTIVE OF THE BOOK Soil, surface waters/sediments and shallow unprotected groundwater aquifers are interrelated compartments of the environment that are particularly easy to compromise, sensitive to short- and long-term pollution and directly affect sustainability of ecosystems and human health. Routine human activity such as application of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture and forestry, or wet and dry deposition of atmospheric pollutants emitted from industrial plants, waste disposal and other practices adversely affect soil and water quality that already increasingly suffers from mismanagement in many areas. The predominant sources of pollution result in non-point contamination that is particularly difficult to reduce and control. Wars, accidents and natural emergency cases such as catastrophic floods that occur partly due to anthropogenically disturbed global water balance also add to overall increase of diverse contaminant loads in soil and water. Beneficial properties of some bulk waste materials such as biosolids (sewage sludge), biowaste (e. g. municipal waste composts) or fly ash from coal combustion xi xii Preface encourage applying these waste to land as a source of nutrients and organic matter, or as a soil amendment.

A state-of-the art in early warning monitoring of anthropogenic pollution of soil and water Top scientists establishing links and strengthening week connections between these specific fields in biology, microbiology, chemistry, biochemistry, toxicology, sensoristics, soil science and hydrogeology It is unique with regard to complex, multidisciplinary, mechanistic approach.

Klappentext

This book details the state-of-the art in early warning monitoring of anthropogenic pollution of soil and water. It is unique with regard to its complex, multidisciplinary, mechanistic approach. Top scientists establish links and strengthen weak connections between specific fields in biology, microbiology, chemistry, biochemistry, toxicology, sensoristics, soil science and hydrogeology.

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Introduction: Spread and Distribution of Hazardous Chemicals in Soils and Water - A Global Problem.- DIAGNOSIS AND PROGNOSIS OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF CONTAMINANTS IN THE GEOSPHERE.- PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN EGYPT - AN OVERVIEW.- Fate and Behavior of Anthropogenic Pollutants in Soils and Water.- FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES IN SORPTION RELATED TO PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL REMEDIATION OF SOILS.- THE ROLE OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES IN THE FATE OF ANTHROPOGENIC ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN SOIL WITH EMPHASIS ON ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR COMPOUNDS.- INCORPORATING BIOAVAILABILITY INTO CRITERIA FOR METALS.- THE METAL UPTAKE AND ACCUMULATION IN FISH LIVING IN POLLUTED WATERS.- Advances in Chemical and Biological Techniques for Environmental Monitoring and Predicting.- SOME ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICS AND MONITORING.- FIBER OPTIC SYSTEM FOR WATER SPECTROSCOPY.- PREDICTING METAL UPTAKE BY PLANTS USING THE DGT TECHNIQUE.- ON CONCEPTUAL AND NUMERICAL MODELING OF FLOW AND TRANSPORT IN GROUNDWATER WITH THE AID OF TRACERS: A CASE STUDY.- SENSORISTIC APPROACH TO BIOLOGICAL DAMAGE AND RISK ASSESSMENT.- ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL BIOCHEMICAL SENSOR FOR WATER MONITORING.- GENETICALLY ENGINEERED MICROORGANISMS FOR POLLUTION MONITORING.- Novel Physico-Chemical Techniques of Soil and Water Protection and Remediation.- CURRENT AND FUTURE IN SITU TREATMENT TECHNIQUES FOR THE REMEDIATION OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES IN SOIL, SEDIMENTS, AND GROUNDWATER.- LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE OF PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIERS: LESSONS LEARNED ON DESIGN, CONTAMINANT TREATMENT, LONGEVITY, PERFORMANCE MONITORING AND COST - AN OVERVIEW.- USING ABUNDANT WASTE AND NATURAL MATERIALS FOR SOIL AND GROUNDWATER PROTECTION AGAINST CONTAMINATION WITH HEAVY METALS.- MEDIATING EFFECTS OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES IN THE CONTAMINATED ENVIRONMENTS.- METAL BINDING BYHUMIC SUBSTANCES AND DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER DERIVED FROM COMPOST.- THE EFFECT OF ORGANIC MATTER FROM BROWN COAL ON BIOAVAILABILITY OF HEAVY METALS IN CONTAMINATED SOILS.- USE OF ACTIVATED CARBON FOR SOIL BIOREMEDIATION.- ADSORPTION OF ANIONS ONTO SOL-GEL GENERATED DOUBLE HYDROUS OXIDES.- XENOBIOTIC PHARMACEUTICALS IN WATER AND METHODS TO PREVENT THEIR APPEARANCE IN DRINKING WATER.- UV/VIS LIGHT-ENHANCED PHOTOCATALYSIS FOR WATER TREATMENT AND PROTECTION.- NEW HORIZONS IN PURIFICATION OF LIQUIDS.- FLY ASH-ORGANIC BYPRODUCT MIXTURE AS SOIL AMENDMENT.- Biosystems for Non-Destructive Remediation and Immobilization of Pollutants in Soils, Sediments and Detoxification of Industrial Wastes.- PHYTOREMEDIATION AND PHYTOTECHNOLOGIES: A REVIEW FOR THE PRESENT AND THE FUTURE.- CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS AND THEIR PERFORMANCE FOR TREATMENT OF WATER CONTAMINATED WITH ARSENIC AND HEAVY METALS.- DISPOSAL OF SEWAGE EFFLUENT AND BIOSOLIDS IN EUCALYPTUS PLANTATIONS: A LYSIMETER SIMULATION STUDY.- PHYTOREMEDIATION OF EXPLOSIVES IN TOXIC WASTES.- FLOATING AQUATIC MACROPHYTES AS A DECONTAMINATION TOOL FOR ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS.- PLANT TOLERANCE TO HEAVY METALS, A RISK FOR FOOD TOXICITY OR A MEANS FOR FOOD FORTIFICATION WITH ESSENTIAL METALS: THE ALLIUM SCHOENOPRASUM MODEL.- Assembled Plant and Microbial Technologies for Bioremediation of Pollutants.- ECOREMEDIATION. COOPERATION BETWEEN PLANTS AND SOIL MICROORGANISMS, MOLECULAR ASPECTS AND LIMITS.- ANAEROBIC DEHALOGENATION OF HALOGENATED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS: NOVEL STRATEGIES FOR BIOREMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTSOF CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTSOF CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTSOF CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS.- MOLECULAR TOOLS FOR MICROBIAL REMEDIATION - CONTAMINANTS UPTAKE, METABOLISM AND BIOSENSING.- ROLE OF MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN PHYTOREMEDIATION AND TOXICITY MONITORING OF HEAVY METAL RICH INDUSTRIAL WASTES IN SOUTHERN POLAND.- BIODEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS BY KERATINOLYTIC FUNGI.- Management strategies for large-area contaminated sites.- INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR COMPLEX GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION AT A MEGASITE SCALE.- MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR REGIONALLY CONTAMINATED AQUIFERS: A CASE STUDY AT BITTERFELD, GERMANY.