Since the first edition of "Scanning 'funneling Microscopy I" has been pub lished, considerable progress has been made in the application of STM to the various classes of materials treated in this volume, most notably in the field of adsorbates and molecular systems. An update of the most recent develop ments will be given in an additional Chapter 9. The editors would like to thank all the contributors who have supplied up dating material, and those who have provided us with suggestions for further improvements. We also thank Springer-Verlag for the decision to publish this second edition in paperback, thereby making this book affordable for an even wider circle of readers. Hamburg, July 1994 R. Wiesendanger Preface to the First Edition Since its invention in 1981 by G. Binnig, H. Rohrer and coworkers at the IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has devel oped into an invaluable surface analytical technique allowing the investigation of real-space surface structures at the atomic level. The conceptual simplicity of the STM technique is startling: bringing a sharp needle to within a few Angstroms of the surface of a conducting sample and using the tunneling cur rent, which flows on application of a bias voltage, to sense the atomic and elec tronic surface structure with atomic resolution! Prior to 1981 considerable scepticism existed as to the practicability of this approach.

Inhalt

1. Introduction (With 5 Figures).- 1.1 Historical Remarks on Electron Tunneling.- 1.2 STM and Related Techniques.- 1.3 Development of the Field.- 1.4 Prospects for the Future.- References.- 2. The Rise of Local Probe Methods.- 3. STM on Metals (With 19 Figures).- 3.1 Tunneling Tip.- 3.2 Tunneling Spectroscopies.- 3.3 Examples on Metal Surfaces.- 3.4 Conclusion.- References.- 4. Adsorbate Covered Metal Surfaces and Reactions on Metal Surfaces (With 22 Figures).- 4.1 Imaging of Adsorbates by STM.- 4.2 Processes at the Metal-Gas Interface.- 4.3 Structure Modifications of Metal Surfaces.- 4.4 Epitaxial Growth of Metals on Metal Substrates.- 4.5 Conclusions.- References.- 5. STM on Semiconductors (With 29 Figures).- 5.1 Experimental Technique.- 5.2 Scanning Tunneling Microscopy/Spectroscopy on Surfaces.- 5.3 Other Tunneling Techniques Applied to Semiconductors.- References.- 6. STM on Layered Materials (With 44 Figures).- 6.1 STM Studies of Graphite.- 6.2 STM Studies of Graphite Intercalation Compounds.- 6.3 STM Studies of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides.- 6.4 STM Studies of Charge Density Waves.- 6.5 STM Studies of High- Tc Superconductors.- 6.6 Concluding Comments.- References.- 7. Molecular Imaging by STM (With 19 Figures).- 7.1 Introduction to STM of Molecules.- 7.2 STM of Chemisorbed Molecules in Ultrahigh Vacuum.- 7.3 STM of Alkanes and Their Derivatives.- 7.4 STM of Liquid Crystals.- 7.5 STM of Polymers.- 7.6 Other Molecules.- 7.7 Conclusions.- References.- 8. STM on Superconductors (With 21 Figures).- 8.1 Theory of Tunneling into Superconductors.- 8.2 Low Temperature STM Spectroscopy on Classical Superconductors.- 8.3 Vortices.- 8.4 Organic Superconductors.- 8.5 STM Topography on High-Tc Superconductors.- 8.6 STM Spectroscopy on High-Tc Superconductors.- 8.7 Concluding Remarks.- References.- 9. Recent Developments (With 13 Figures).- 9.1 STM on Metal Surfaces.- 9.2 Adsorption on Metal Surfaces.- 9.3 Molecular Imaging by STM.- 9.4 STM on Superconductors.- References.