Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds

Informationen zum Autor Robert M. Silverstein , PhD was as born in Baltimore, MD, and moved to Staten Island at a young age. He received his bachelor's degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1937 and his masters' degree from New York University in 1941. He served with the U.S. Army during World War II. He then earned his doctorate from New York University. Francis X. Webster is the author of Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds , 8th Edition, published by Wiley. David J. Kiemle is the author of Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds , 8th Edition, published by Wiley. David L. Bryce is the author of Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds , 8th Edition, published by Wiley. Klappentext First published over 40 years ago, this was the first text on the identification of organic compounds using spectroscopy. This text is now considered to be a classic. This text presents a unified approach to the structure determination of organic compounds based largely on mass spectrometry, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and multinuclear and multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The key strength of this text is the extensive set of practice and real-data problems (in Chapters 7 and 8). Even professional chemists use these spectra as reference data. Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds is written by and for organic chemists, and emphasizes the synergistic effect resulting from the interplay of the spectra. This book is characterized by its problem-solving approach with extensive reference charts and tables.The 8th edition of this text maintains its student-friendly writing style - wording throughout has been updated for consistency and to be more reflective of modern usage and methods. Chapter 3 on proton NMR spectroscopy has been overhauled and updated. Also, new information on polymers and phosphorus functional groups has been added to Chapter 2 on IR spectroscopy. Zusammenfassung First published over 40 years ago, this was the first text on the identification of organic compounds using spectroscopy. This text is now considered to be a classic. The key strength of this text is the extensive set of real-data problems. Even professional chemists use these spectra as reference data. Inhaltsverzeichnis CHAPTER 1 MASS SPECTROMETRY 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Instrumentation 2 1.3 Ionization Methods 3 1.4 Mass Analyzers 8 1.5 Interpretation of EI Mass Spectra 12 1.6 Mass Spectra of Some Chemical Classes 18 References 37 Student Exercises 37 Appendices 46 A Formula Masses (FM) for Various Combinations of Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Oxygen 46 B Common Fragment Ions 67 C Common Fragments Lost 69 CHAPTER 2 INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY 71 2.1 Introduction 71 2.2 Theory 71 2.3 Instrumentation 76 2.4 Sample Handling 77 2.5 Interpretation of Spectra 78 2.6 Characteristic Group Absorptions of Organic Molecules 81 References 108 Student Exercises 108 Appendices 118 A Transparent Regions of Solvents and Mulling Oils 118 B Characteristic Group Absorptions 119 C Absorptions for Alkenes 124 D Absorptions for Phosphorus Compounds 125 E Absorptions for Heteroaromatics 125 CHAPTER 3 PROTON (1H) MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 126 3.1 Introduction 126 3.2 Theory 126 3.3 Instrumentation and Sample Handling 129 3.4 Chemical Shift 132 3.5 Spin-Spin Coupling, Multiplets, and Spin Systems 137 3.6 Protons on Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Sulfur Atoms:Exchangeable Protons 144 3.7 Coupling of Protons to Other Important Nuclei (19F, D (2H), 31P, 29Si, and 13C) 149 3.8 Chemical Equivalence 150 3.9 Magnetic Equivalence...

Autorentext

Robert M. Silverstein, PhD was as born in Baltimore, MD, and moved to Staten Island at a young age. He received his bachelor's degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1937 and his masters' degree from New York University in 1941. He served with the U.S. Army during World War II. He then earned his doctorate from New York University.

Francis X. Webster is the author of Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds, 8th Edition, published by Wiley.

David J. Kiemle is the author of Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds, 8th Edition, published by Wiley.

David L. Bryce is the author of Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds, 8th Edition, published by Wiley.

Klappentext

First published over 40 years ago, this was the first text on the identification of organic compounds using spectroscopy. This text is now considered to be a classic. This text presents a unified approach to the structure determination of organic compounds based largely on mass spectrometry, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and multinuclear and multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The key strength of this text is the extensive set of practice and real-data problems (in Chapters 7 and 8). Even professional chemists use these spectra as reference data. Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds is written by and for organic chemists, and emphasizes the synergistic effect resulting from the interplay of the spectra. This book is characterized by its problem-solving approach with extensive reference charts and tables. The 8th edition of this text maintains its student-friendly writing style - wording throughout has been updated for consistency and to be more reflective of modern usage and methods. Chapter 3 on proton NMR spectroscopy has been overhauled and updated. Also, new information on polymers and phosphorus functional groups has been added to Chapter 2 on IR spectroscopy.

Inhalt

CHAPTER 1 MASS SPECTROMETRY 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Instrumentation 2

1.3 Ionization Methods 3

1.4 Mass Analyzers 8

1.5 Interpretation of EI Mass Spectra 12

1.6 Mass Spectra of Some Chemical Classes 18

References 37

Student Exercises 37

Appendices 46

A Formula Masses (FM) for Various Combinations of Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Oxygen 46

B Common Fragment Ions 67

C Common Fragments Lost 69

CHAPTER 2 INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY 71

2.1 Introduction 71

2.2 Theory 71

2.3 Instrumentation 76

2.4 Sample Handling 77

2.5 Interpretation of Spectra 78

2.6 Characteristic Group Absorptions of Organic Molecules 81

References 108

Student Exercises 108

Appendices 118

A Transparent Regions of Solvents and Mulling Oils 118

B Characteristic Group Absorptions 119

C Absorptions for Alkenes 124

D Absorptions for Phosphorus Compounds 125

E Absorptions for Heteroaromatics 125

CHAPTER 3 PROTON (1H) MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 126

3.1 Introduction 126

3.2 Theory 126

3.3 Instrumentation and Sample Handling 129

3.4 Chemical Shift 132

3.5 Spin-Spin Coupling, Multiplets, and Spin Systems 137

3.6 Protons on Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Sulfur Atoms:Exchangeable Protons 144

3.7 Coupling of Protons to Other Important Nuclei (19F, D (2H), 31P, 29Si, and 13C) 149

3.8 Chemical Equivalence 150

3.9 Magnetic Equivalence 154

3.10 AMX, ABX, and ABC Rigid Systems with Three Coupling Constants 155

3.11 Weakly and Strongly Coupled Systems: Virtual Coupling 156

3.12 Chirality 158

3.13 Magnitude of Vicinal and Geminal Coupling Constants 160

3.14 Long-Range Coupling 162

3.15 Selective Spin Decoupling: Double Resonance 162

3.16 Nuclear Overhauser Effect 162

3.17 Conclusion 163

References 164

Student Exercises 164

Appendices 175

A Chart A.1: Chemical Shifts of Protons on a Carbon Atom Adjacent ( Position) to a Functional Group in Aliphatic Compounds (M-Y) 175

Chart A.2: Chemical Shifts of Protons on a Carbon Atom Once Removed ( Position) from a Functional Group in Aliphatic Compounds (M-C-Y) 177

B Effect on Chemical Shifts by Two or Three Directly Attached Functional Groups 178

C Chemical Shifts in Alicyclic and Heterocyclic Rings 180

D Chemical Shifts in Unsaturated and Aromatic Systems 181

Chart D.1: Chemical Shifts of Protons on Monosubstituted Benzene Rings 183

E Protons Su…