From Damon Runyan's colorful tough guys in black shirts and white ties to recent media coverage of John Gotti, the dapper don', public depictions of racketeers in the United States have drawn attention away from the true nature of organized crime and its extensive penetrations into mainstream business. *The Upperworld and the* *Underworld: Case Studies of Racketeering and Business Infiltrations in* *the United States* strips away the romantic patina and reveals the significant impact of racketeering on vital segments of American industry. In this informative study Robert Kelly explores two fundamental questions:Why is organized crime a serious problem in some businesses and industries, and not in others?' and What are the consequences of racketeering activities for labor organizations and businesses tainted by a criminal presence?' He examines the blurred demarcation between the legitimate and illegitimate sectors of society and explains the reasons for this occurrence. In the process, Kelly provides a distinct vantage point for understanding organized crime, not just as anoutlaw fringe' preying on society, but as a disturbingly integral element of our social and economic structure. Moreover, he confirms a widely held thesis that organized crime is not merely parasitic but an institutional component of American society.
The Upperworld and the Underworld affords a fascinating view of the current state of organized crime in the United States and the rise of nontraditional criminal organizations in new immigrant communities. The volume is an essential resource for students and scholars concerned with issues of crime and its effects on the economy.

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Prologue.- Notes.- 1 Introduction: Organized Crime Penetrations of Legitimate Businesses.- Background.- Models and Images of Organized Crime.- The Assets and Resources of Organized Crime Groups.- Racketeering in Legitimate Businesses.- Strategies of Infiltration into the Legitimate Sectors.- Dangerous Intersections: Organized Crime and Legitimate Business.- Organized Crime in Russia and Chicago: Survival of the Fittest.- Mafia and Repressive Stability in the South of Italy.- Power Politics and Organized Crime.- Notes.- 2 The Infiltration of Organized Criminal Groups into U.S. Trade Unions.- The Early Days.- Labor Organizes.- Mafia.- The McClellan Committee.- The New Mob.- 25 Years after Valachi.- The President's Commission on Organized Crime.- Unions, Gangsters, and Employers in Retrospect.- Consent Decrees and Trusteeships: Law Enforcement Responses.- The Teamsters.- Philadelphia Roofers Union, Local 30/30B.- Teamster Local 560.- The Scope of Labor Racketeering.- The Needle Trades.- The Mine Workers: A Case of Corporate Gangsterism.- Hollywood and Hoodlums.- Summary.- Notes.- 3 Master Builders, Master Criminals: Corruption and Racketeering in the Construction Industry.- The Construction Industry in New York City.- Classification of Construction.- High-Rise, High-Cost Construction.- The Achilles Heel in the Construction Industry: A Catalogue of Crime.- A Fit of Absent-Mindedness: Criminal Go-Betweens in Historical Perspective.- Extortion.- Bribery.- Theft.- Frauds.- Performance Bond Fraud.- Collusive Bidding and Bid Rigging.- Racketeering and Corruption Implications.- Racketeering Susceptibility.- The Labor Market.- Collective Bargaining.- Competitive and Fragmented Economic Environment.- Cost of Delays.- Racketeering Potential.- The Indispensable Men:Racketeers at Large and at Work.- Conclusions.- Notes.- 4 The Last Waterfront: The Fulton Fish Market and the ILA as Family Businesses.- Project Underworld.- Postwar Period and Revitalization.- Waterfront Racketeering: The ILA and Criminal Collusions.- Summary and Conclusions.- Notes.- 5 The Pizza Connection: Selling Dough and Dope.- The Heroin Pipeline.- The Legitimate Business as a Front.- The Networks.- The Investigation.- The Prosecution.- The Verdict.- Conclusions.- The Politics and Economics of Drugs.- Notes.- 6 Dirty Dollars: The Carting and Waste Disposal Industries.- Environmental Protection and Organized Crime: Problems and Prospects.- Controlling Waste Disposal.- New York City and the Garbage Cartel.- Conclusions.- Notes.- 7 Other Crimes, Other Criminals: Racketeering in Chinatown and Brighton Beach.- Chinatown.- The Tongs and Organized Crime.- The Hatchet Men.- Triads, or the White Lotus Society Reincarnated.- The Chinese Underworld Today.- Tong and Gang Relationships with Police.- Extortion in Chinatown.- Brighton Beach: Little Odessa by the Sea.- Gasoline Bootlegging.- The Daisy Chain and the Burn.- The Mafia and the Mafiya.- Polluted Petroleum.- Conclusions.- Notes.- 8 Criminal Opportunities in Legitimate Businesses: Control Policy Issues.- Organized Crime as a Spectacle.- Tactics and Strategies.- The Maneuvers of Money Laundering.- Infiltrating Legitimate Businesses.- The Role of Intelligence.- The Tools of Analytical Intelligence.- Telephone Record Analysis (TRA).- Association Analysis (AA).- Net Worth Analysis (NWA).- Business Record Analysis (BRA).- Threat Assessment (TA).- Traditional and Nontraditional Organized Crime Groups.- Prosecutorial Efforts Against Organized Crime Infiltrations.- Role of Crime Commissions andHearings as a Control Mechanism.- The Witness Security Program (WSP).- Cooperation and Coordination among Law Enforcement Agencies.- Blacklisting Public Contractors as an Anticorruption and Racketeering Strategy.- The Future of Organized Crime.- Summary.- Notes.- 9 Conclusions.- The Troika of Organized Crime.- Business Vulnerabilities.- Racketeering Enterprises and Domination.- Public and Private Partnerships.- Regulation.- Notes.