Informationen zum Autor Robert Michener is the Laboratory Manager of the Boston University Stable Isotope Laboratory and has been running the internationally recognized facility for 18 years. His research interests include aquatic ecology, food web systems, and how stable isotopes can be applied to tracing pollutants, comparing pristine and impacted systems. Kate Lajtha is a Professor in the Department of Botany and Plant Pathology at Oregon State University and the Editor-in-Chief of Biogeochemistry . She is a terrestrial biogeochemist who studies soil organic matter stabilization and soil solution chemistry. Klappentext This book highlights new and emerging uses of stable isotope analysis in a variety of ecological disciplines. While the use of natural abundance isotopes in ecological research is now relatively standard, new techniques and ways of interpreting patterns are developing rapidly. The second edition of this book provides a thorough, up-to-date examination of these methods of research. Zusammenfassung This book highlights new and emerging uses of stable isotope analysis in a variety of ecological disciplines. While the use of natural abundance isotopes in ecological research is now relatively standard! new techniques and ways of interpreting patterns are developing rapidly. Inhaltsverzeichnis Contributors, x Abbreviations, xiii Introduction, xvii 1 Stable isotope chemistry and measurement: a primer, 1 Elizabeth W. Sulzman Introduction, 1 What isotopes are, what makes them distinct, 1 Properties of ecologically useful stable isotopes, 11 Technological advances and current trends in the ecological use of isotopes, 14 Acknowledgments, 18 References, 18 2 Sources of variation in the stable isotopic composition of plants, 22 John D. Marshall, J. Renée Brooks, and Kate Lajtha Introduction, 22 Carbon isotopes, 22 Nitrogen isotopes, 35 Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, 39 Conclusions, 49 References, 50 3 Natural 15N- and 13C-abundance as indicators of forest nitrogen status and soil carbon dynamics, 61 Charles T. Garten, Jr, Paul J. Hanson, Donald E. Todd, Jr, Bonnie B. Lu, and Deanne J. Brice Introduction, 61 Significance of 15N-abundance to soil carbon sequestration, 63 Vertical changes in soil 13C-abundance and soil carbon dynamics, 69 Conclusions, 77 Acknowledgments, 77 References, 77 4 Soil nitrogen isotope composition, 83 R. Dave Evans Introduction, 83 Sources of variation in soil 15N, 83 Patterns of soil nitrogen isotope composition, 91 Conclusions, 94 References, 95 5 Isotopic study of the biology of modern and fossil vertebrates, 99 Paul L. Koch Introduction, 99 Vertebrate tissues in the fossil record, 100 Controls on the isotopic composition of vertebrate tissues, 105 Preservation of biogenic isotope compositions by vertebrate fossils, 119 Paleobiological applications, 123 Conclusions, 138 A post-script on workshops and literature resources, 138 References, 139 6 Isotopic tracking of migrant wildlife, 155 Keith A. Hobson Introduction, 155 Basic principles, 156 Marine systems, 159 Terrestrial systems (excluding deuterium), 161 Using deuterium patterns in precipitation, 163 Conclusions, 169 References, 170 7 Natural abundance of 15N in marine planktonic ecosystems, 176 Joseph P. Montoya Introduction, 176 Background, 177 Isotopic variation in marine nitrogen, 178 Source delineation and isotope budgets, 186 Animal fractionation and food web ...

Autorentext

Robert Michener is the Laboratory Manager of the Boston University Stable Isotope Laboratory and has been running the internationally recognized facility for 18 years. His research interests include aquatic ecology, food web systems, and how stable isotopes can be applied to tracing pollutants, comparing pristine and impacted systems.
Kate Lajtha is a Professor in the Department of Botany and Plant Pathology at Oregon State University and the Editor-in-Chief of Biogeochemistry. She is a terrestrial biogeochemist who studies soil organic matter stabilization and soil solution chemistry.

Klappentext

This book highlights new and emerging uses of stable isotope analysis in a variety of ecological disciplines. While the use of natural abundance isotopes in ecological research is now relatively standard, new techniques and ways of interpreting patterns are developing rapidly. The second edition of this book provides a thorough, up-to-date examination of these methods of research.

Inhalt

Contributors, x

Abbreviations, xiii

Introduction, xvii

1 Stable isotope chemistry and measurement: a primer, 1
Elizabeth W. Sulzman

Introduction, 1

What isotopes are, what makes them distinct, 1

Properties of ecologically useful stable isotopes, 11

Technological advances and current trends in the ecological use of isotopes, 14

Acknowledgments, 18

References, 18

2 Sources of variation in the stable isotopic composition of plants, 22
John D. Marshall, J. Renée Brooks, and Kate Lajtha

Introduction, 22

Carbon isotopes, 22

Nitrogen isotopes, 35

Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, 39

Conclusions, 49

References, 50

3 Natural 15N- and 13C-abundance as indicators of forest nitrogen status and soil carbon dynamics, 61
Charles T. Garten, Jr, Paul J. Hanson, Donald E. Todd, Jr, Bonnie B. Lu, and Deanne J. Brice

Introduction, 61

Significance of 15N-abundance to soil carbon sequestration, 63

Vertical changes in soil 13C-abundance and soil carbon dynamics, 69

Conclusions, 77

Acknowledgments, 77

References, 77

4 Soil nitrogen isotope composition, 83
R. Dave Evans

Introduction, 83

Sources of variation in soil 15N, 83

Patterns of soil nitrogen isotope composition, 91

Conclusions, 94

References, 95

5 Isotopic study of the biology of modern and fossil vertebrates, 99
Paul L. Koch

Introduction, 99

Vertebrate tissues in the fossil record, 100

Controls on the isotopic composition of vertebrate tissues, 105

Preservation of biogenic isotope compositions by vertebrate fossils, 119

Paleobiological applications, 123

Conclusions, 138

A post-script on workshops and literature resources, 138

References, 139

6 Isotopic tracking of migrant wildlife, 155
Keith A. Hobson

Introduction, 155

Basic principles, 156

Marine systems, 159

Terrestrial systems (excluding deuterium), 161

Using deuterium patterns in precipitation, 163

Conclusions, 169

References, 170

7 Natural abundance of 15N in marine planktonic ecosystems, 176
Joseph P. Montoya

Introduction, 176

Background, 177

Isotopic variation in marine nitrogen, 178

Source delineation and isotope budgets, 186

Animal fractionation and food web processes, 187

Isotopic transients in marine systems, 189

Compound-specific nitrogen isotope analyses, 191

Conclusions, 193

Acknowledgment, 194

References, 194

8 Stable isotope studies in marine chemoautotrophically based ecosystems: An update, 202
Cindy Lee Van Dover

Introduction, 202

Isotopic tracing of carbon at methane seeps, 209

Whale falls, 219

Hydrothermal vents, 221

Conclusions, 226

References, 230

9 Stable isotope ratios as tracers in marine food webs: An update, 238
Robert H. Michener and Les Kaufman

Introduction, 238

Methods of assessing food webs, 238

Phytoplankton and particulate organic carbon, 246

Phytoplankton and particulate organic nitrogen, 248

Marine food webs, 252

Stable isotopes in marine conservation biology, 261

Conclusions, 269

Acknowledgments, 270

References, 270

10 Stable isotope tracing of temporal and spatial variability in organic matter sources to freshwater ecosystems, 283
Jacques C. Finlay and Carol Kendall

Introduction, 283

Overview of river food webs and stable isotope approaches, 284

Stable isotope ratios of organic matter sources in stream ecosystems, 289

C, N, and S isotopic variability and its applications in river ecology, 308

Conclu…