This volume contains the papers presented at the 10th Annual International Conference on Research in Computational Molecular Biology (RECOMB 2006), which was held in Venice, Italy, on April 2 5, 2006. The RECOMB conference serieswasstartedin1997bySorinIstrail,PavelPevznerandMichaelWaterman. The table on p. VIII summarizes the history of the meetings. RECOMB 2006 was hosted by the University of Padova at the Cinema Palace of the Venice Convention Center, Venice Lido, Italy. It was organized by a committee chaired by Concettina Guerra. A special 10th Anniversary Program Committee was formed, by including the members of the Steering Committee and inviting all Chairs of past editions. The Program Committee consisted of the 38 members whose names are listed on a separate page. From212submissionsofhighquality,40paperswereselectedforpresentation atthemeeting,andtheyappearintheseproceedings.Theselectionwasbasedon reviewsandevaluationsproducedbytheProgramCommitteemembersaswellas byexternalreviewers,andonasubsequentWeb-basedPCopenforum.Following thedecisionmadein2005bytheSteeringCommittee,RECOMBProceedingsare published as a volume of Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics (LNBI), which is - editedbythefoundersofRECOMB.Traditionally,theJournalofComputational Biology devotes a special issue to the publication of archival versions of selected conference papers. RECOMB 2006 featured seven keynote addresses by as many invited spe- ers: Anne-Claude Gavin (EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany), David Haussler (U- versity of California, Santa Cruz, USA), Ajay K. Royyuru (IBM T.J. Watson ResearchCenter, USA), David Sanko? (University of Ottawa,Canada), Michael S. Waterman (University of Southern California, USA), Carl Zimmer (Science Writer, USA), Roman A. Zubarev (Uppsala University, Sweden). The Stanislaw Ulam Memorial Computational BiologyLecture was given by Michael S. Wat- man. A special feature presentation was devoted to the 10th anniversary and is included in this volume.

Inhalt
Integrated Protein Interaction Networks for 11 Microbes.- Hypergraph Model of Multi-residue Interactions in Proteins: SequentiallyConstrained Partitioning Algorithms for Optimization of Site-Directed Protein Recombination.- Biological Networks: Comparison, Conservation, and Evolutionary Trees.- Assessing Significance of Connectivity and Conservation in Protein Interaction Networks.- Clustering Short Gene Expression Profiles.- A Patient-Gene Model for Temporal Expression Profiles in Clinical Studies.- Global Interaction Networks Probed by Mass Spectrometry.- Statistical Evaluation of Genome Rearrangement.- An Improved Statistic for Detecting Over-Represented Gene Ontology Annotations in Gene Sets.- Protein Function Annotation Based on Ortholog Clusters Extracted from Incomplete Genomes Using Combinatorial Optimization.- Detecting MicroRNA Targets by Linking Sequence, MicroRNA and Gene Expression Data.- RNA Secondary Structure Prediction Via Energy Density Minimization.- Structural Alignment of Pseudoknotted RNA.- Stan Ulam and Computational Biology.- CONTRAlign: Discriminative Training for Protein Sequence Alignment.- Clustering Near-Identical Sequences for Fast Homology Search.- New Methods for Detecting Lineage-Specific Selection.- A Probabilistic Model for Gene Content Evolution with Duplication, Loss, and Horizontal Transfer.- A Sublinear-Time Randomized Approximation Scheme for the Robinson-Foulds Metric.- Algorithms to Distinguish the Role of Gene-Conversion from Single-Crossover Recombination in the Derivation of SNP Sequences in Populations.- Inferring Common Origins from mtDNA.- Efficient Enumeration of Phylogenetically Informative Substrings.- Phylogenetic Profiling of Insertions and Deletions in Vertebrate Genomes.- Maximal Accurate Forests from DistanceMatrices.- Leveraging Information Across HLA Alleles/Supertypes Improves Epitope Prediction.- Improving Prediction of Zinc Binding Sites by Modeling the Linkage Between Residues Close in Sequence.- An Important Connection Between Network Motifs and Parsimony Models.- Ultraconserved Elements, Living Fossil Transposons, and Rapid Bursts of Change: Reconstructing the Uneven Evolutionary History of the Human Genome.- Permutation Filtering: A Novel Concept for Significance Analysis of Large-Scale Genomic Data.- Genome-Wide Discovery of Modulators of Transcriptional Interactions in Human B Lymphocytes.- A New Approach to Protein Identification.- Markov Methods for Hierarchical Coarse-Graining of Large Protein Dynamics.- Simulating Protein Motions with Rigidity Analysis.- Predicting Experimental Quantities in Protein Folding Kinetics Using Stochastic Roadmap Simulation.- An Outsider's View of the Genome.- Alignment Statistics for Long-Range Correlated Genomic Sequences.- Simple and Fast Inverse Alignment.- Revealing the Proteome Complexity by Mass Spectrometry.- Motif Yggdrasil: Sampling from a Tree Mixture Model.- A Study of Accessible Motifs and RNA Folding Complexity.- A Parameterized Algorithm for Protein Structure Alignment.- Geometric Sieving: Automated Distributed Optimization of 3D Motifs for Protein Function Prediction.- A Branch-and-Reduce Algorithm for the Contact Map Overlap Problem.- A Novel Minimized Dead-End Elimination Criterion and Its Application to Protein Redesign in a Hybrid Scoring and Search Algorithm for Computing Partition Functions over Molecular Ensembles.- 10 Years of the International Conference on Research in Computational Molecular Biology (RECOMB).- Sorting by Weighted Reversals, Transpositions, and Inverted Transpositions.- A ParsimonyApproach to Genome-Wide Ortholog Assignment.- Detecting the Dependent Evolution of Biosequences.- Detecting MicroRNA Targets by Linking Sequence, MicroRNA and Gene Expression Data.