Rule IV. There is need of a method for finding out the truth. Rule V. Method consists entirely in the order and disposition of the objects toward which our mental vision must be directed if we would find out any truth. We shall comply with it exactly if we reduce involved and obscure propositions step be step to those that are s- pler, and then starting with the intuitive apprehension of all those that are absolutely simple, attempt to ascend to the knowledge of all others by precisely similar steps. Rene Descartes, Rules for the Direction of Mind Perhaps he would sooner satisfy himself by resolving light into colours as far as may be done by Art, and then by examining the properties of those colours apart, and afterwards by trying the effects of reconjoyning two or more or all of those, and lastly by separating them again to examine what changes that reconjunction had wrought in them. This will prove a tedious and difficult task to do it as it ought to be done but I could not be satisfied till I had gone through it. From Newton's letter, quoted in The Life of Isaac Newton by Richard Westfall. Cambridge University Press, 1993.

Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras

Klappentext
Today's investigator, overwhelmed by the information avalanche, may find it difficult to analyze emerging advances in technology. In Renal Disease: Techniques and Protocols, leading experts distill their experience into user-friendly methods for studying fluid-electrolyte homeostasis and kidney function in health and disease. Described in step-by-step detail, the techniques move from the molecular level to the whole organism, and from simple models to integrative physiology. Here the researcher will find established disease models, methods for optimizing renal disease research, as well as much help in choosing imaging techniques for studies of the kidney's structure and function in health, disease, and during embryonic development. Subjects covered include molecular diagnostics, strategies for studying the molecular mechanisms of kidney disease, technical means to assess the functional correlates of disease, and the planning of clinical trials. In addition to detailed instructions, each cutting-edge method includes troubleshooting advice, lists of reagents, and tips on avoiding pitfalls.
State-of-the-art and highly practical, Renal Disease: Techniques and Protocols is not only a vade mecum for the many techniques employed to study the kidney in health and disease today, but also a user-friendly guide for the uninitiated, and a thoughtful consult for the experienced researcher.

Inhalt
Optimizing The Usage of Models Renal Disease.- Standards of Animal Care in Biological Experiments.- Models of Polycystic Kidney Disease.- Rat Models of the Metabolic Syndrome.- Models of Glomerulonephritis.- Choices of Imaging Techniques in Studies of Renal Disease.- Functional Studies of the Kidney with Magnetic Resonance Imaging.- Use of Radionuclides to Study Renal Function.- Intravital Videomicroscopy.- Confocal and Two-Photon Microscopy.- Atomic Force Microscopy in Renal Physiology.- Freeze-Fracture Analysis of Renal-Epithelial Tight Junctions.- Studies of Renal Development.- Organ Culture of Intact Metanephric Kidneys.- The Ureteric Bud.- Studies of Cell Lineage in the Developing Kidney.- Transient Transfection Assays for Analysis of Signal Transduction in Renal Cells.- Approaches to Study Molecular Mechanisms of Disease.- The Study of Gene Polymorphisms.- Laser-Capture Microdissection.- Serial Analysis of Gene Expression.- RNA Labeling and Hybridization of DNA Microarrays.- Gene-Expression Analysis of Microdissected Renal Biopsies.- The Use of SELDI ProteinChip® Array Technology in Renal Disease Research.- Technical Means to Assess Functional Correlates of Disease.- Clearance Studies in Genetically Altered Mice.- Long-Term Blood-Pressure Monitoring in Unrestrained Animals.- In Vitro Studies on Renin Release.- Mitochondrial Function.- Detection of Cysteine S-Nitrosylation and Tyrosine 3-Nitration in Kidney Proteins.- Products of Arachidonic Acid Metabolism.- Methods for Measurements of Heme Oxygenase (HO) Isoforms-Mediated Synthesis of Carbon Monoxide and HO-1 and HO-2 Proteins.- The Juxtamedullary Nephron Preparation.- Tubuloglomerular Feedback.- Microdissected Perfused Vessels.- Renal Microperfusion Techniques.- How to Design a Clinical Trial.- Mapping theDisease.