Refractory Metals in Molten Salts

This NATO Advanced Research Workshop was devoted to a specialized topic in molten salt chemistry and was held in an exotic location (as far as Westerners were concerned) well within the Arctic Circle. It nevertheless facilitated a fruitful week, both ofscience and ofhuman contacts. The 42 oral presentations and posters from nine countries enabled the 59 participants to learn a great deal about many areas of recent research in the molten salt chemistry of refractory metals, while making new contacts as well as renewing old friendships. The time ofinformal contact ledto the beginningofa numberofnew research cooperations with interchangeofpersonnel. Thus the twin aimsofadvancing science and improving East-West understanding were both amply fulfilled. Indeed a warm and happy family atmosphere was very tangible doth during the scientific sessions and the social events, which participants, accompanying persons and local staffall enjoyed. This opportunity of living for a short time within the Arctic Circle was a novelty for most Westerners, who generally appreciated the very warm weather (the hottest for 20 years according to some residents), as well as the beautiful surroundings ofvery green birch/pine forest, rushing rivers,vast lakes and rounded mountains,frequently illuminated by wonderful sunsets. The evening barbeque beside Lake Imandra (100 km long) and the coach tour beside the beautiful White Sea dotted with islands in the Kandalaksha Recreational Area (National Park), to sample Pomor culture, dancing and fresh salmon soup, were high spots ofthe social programme.

Zusammenfassung
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Refractory Metals in Molten Salts, Apatity, Russia, August 12-17, 1997

Inhalt

1. Thermodynamics of Niobium Chlorides and Mixtures with Alkali Chlorides.- 2. Interrelation between the Composition and Structure of Metaphosphate Polyhedra of Molybdenum and Tungsten in the Case of Electrodeposition of Metals and their Alloys.- 3. High Performance Coating of Steel with Tantalum Boride Layers.- 4. Electrochemical and UV-Visible Spectroscopic Studies of Refractory Metals in Chloride Melts.- 5. High Temperature 93Nb NMR Study of Liquid NbCl5 and its Mixtures with Various Alkali Chlorides.- 6. Electrochemistry of Refractory Metals: Hf, Mo, Cr.- 7. Deposition of Titanium, Zirconium and Hafnium Diboride Coatings by High-Temperature Electrochemical Synthesis from Chloro-Fluoride Melts.- 8. The Synthesis of Borides, Carbides and Silicides of Refractory Metals in Ionic-Electronic Melts.- 9. Physicochemical Properties of the Molten System KF-KCl-KBF4-K2TiF6.- 10. Study of Electrode Processes in FLINAK K2TaF7 KBF4 Melt.- 11. The Common Regularities of Epitaxial Growth of Monocrystalline Molybdenum and Tungsten Electrodeposited from Molten Salts.- 12. The Electrodeposition of Aluminum-Niobium Alloys from Chloro-alluminate Electrolytes.- 13. Technology of Electrodeposition from Molten Salts for the Preparation of Electrode Materials Based on Refractory Metals.- 14. New Compounds [Nb4O3 (O, F)2].n[K1-x (F, O)] (n=1, 2, 3) Obtained by Molten Salts Electrolysis. Preparation and X-Ray Diffraction Study..- 15. Electrochemical Processes as a Sum of Chemical Equations.- 16. Role of the Oxoacidity and Ligand Effect in the Electrowinning of Titanium in Fused Salts.- 17. Influence of Gaseous Atmosphere on Anodic Processes of Glassy-Carbon and Gold Electrodes in NaCl-KCl-Na2CO3 Melt.- 18. Mechanism of Molybdenum Electrodeposition from Molten Salts.- 19. ChemicalReactions Accompanying the Processes of Refractory Metal Electrodeposition.- 20. Production of Tantalum by Electrolysis of Oxohalide Melt with Oxide Anodes.- 21. Tantalum Currentless Deposition on Nickel from Molten Salts.- 22. Electrochemical Production of Hafnium-Based Composite Materials.- 23. Rhenium Electrochemistry, Chemistry and Electrodeposition from Molten Salts.- 24. Oxidation of Niobium in Molten Eutectic NaNO3-KNO3..- 25. Evaluation of High-Frequency Superconductivity of Niobium Coatings Prepared by Electrodeposition in Molten Salts.- 26. Evaluation of High-Frequency Superconductivity of Nb3Sn Coatings Obtained by Joint Electrochemical Deposition.- 27. The Oxidation of Alloys Fe-Si-(Ta, Nb, W, Sn) by Sodium and Calcium Sulphate Melts.- 28. The Electrochemical and Thermodynamic Characteristics of Chromium Complexes against the Background of LiCl-KCl and NaCl-KCl Melts according to the Linear Sweep Voltammetry Data.- 29. Voltammetric Oxygen Determination in Molten Fluorides.- 30. Tantalum Electrochemistry in Chloride-Fluoride and Oxochloride-Fluoride Melts.