Challenging problems involvrllg jet and plume phenomena are common to many areas of fundamental and applied scientific research, and an understanding of plume and jet behaviour is essential in many geophysical and industrial contexts. For example, in the field of meteorology, where pollutant dispersal takes place by means of atmospheric jets and plumes formed either naturally under conditions of convectively-driven flow in the atmospheric boundary layer, or anthropogenically by the release of pollutants from tall chimneys. In other fields of geophysics, buoyant plumes and jets are known to play important roles in oceanic mixing processes, both at the relatively large scale (as in deep water formation by convective sinking) and at the relatively small scale (as with plume formation beneath ice leads, for example). In the industrial context, the performances of many engineering systems are determined primarily by the behaviour of buoyant plumes and jets. For example, (i) in sea outfalls, where either sewage or thermal effluents are discharged into marine and/or freshwater environments, (ii) in solar ponds, where buoyant jets are released under density interfaces, (iii) in buildings, where thermally-generated plumes affect the air quality and ventilation properties of architectural environments, (iv) in rotating machinery where fluid jet~ are used for cooling purposes, and (v) in long road and rail tunnels, where safety and ventilation prcedures rely upon an understanding of the behaviour of buoyant jets. In many other engineering and oceanographic contexts, the properties of jets and plumes are of great importance.

Klappentext

The book reviews, updates and integrates recent advances in the modelling and measurement of turbulent jets and plumes -- phenomena which are common to many areas of fundamental and applied scientific research. Contributions on key aspects of the subject are included as reviews and these reviews are supplemented by shorter, more specific articles on specialised topics. The book not only summarises the present state of the subject but also identifies the future outstanding problems and challenges to be addressed. In this regard, particular reference is made to developments in numerical and laboratory modelling, applications to oceanographic and meteorological flow problems and the incorporation of theoretical and laboratory data into outfall design and pollution control. The book is a reference text for all researchers concerned with fluid dynamical processes involving mixing and transport phenomena. The key features of the book are its timeliness and the way it draws together contributions from different branches of the subject. br/

Inhalt
Transition from jet plume dilution to ambient turbulent mixing.- The effect of ambient turbulence on jet mixing.- The plane submerged horizontal buoyant jet.- Lagrangian scaling of turbulent jets and plumes with dominant eddies.- Numerical simulation of line puffs.- Similarity and self-similarity in the motion of thermals and puffs.- Thermal-saline bubble plumes.- Experiments on negatively buoyant jets, with and without cross-flow.- Behaviour of a buoyant surface jet in a crossflow.- Shallow jets.- Growth of a round jet, under local Reynolds number gradients.- A discrete vortex model of a 2-D turbulent jet.- Plume entrainment in stratified flows.- Laboratory and numerical experiments on the dilution of buoyant surface plumes.- Numerical modelling of jets and plumes - a civil engineering perspective.- Prediction of mean and fluctuating scalar fields in buoyant jet with cross-flow problems.- Numerical implementation of second moment closures and application to turbulent jets.- Embedded streamwise vorticity in an axisymmetric jet.- Atmospheric jets and plumes.- An IBL experiment associated with air pollution transport and diffusion over the Athens area.- Downwash of plumes in the vicinity of buildings: a wind-tunnel study.- Turbulent plumes, thermals and convection in oceans.- An integral model of a liquid CO2 jet discharge into a deep stratified ocean with horizontal currents..- Entrainment/detrainment along river plumes.- On the influence of background rotation on turbulent jets.- Laboratory studies of jets in rotating and stratified fluids.- Airborne remote sensing observations of topographic steering of cooling water discharges into coastal and estuarine waters.- Jets and plumes and ocean outfall design.- The behaviour of merging buoyant jets.- Mixing tubes for improving dilution at small outfalls.- Entrainment from a buoyant surface layer created by an under baffle wall-jet.- Forward look.