Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online.Plastic deformation in solids is a term used in metallurgy, materials science and solid state physics, and refers to an irreversible change in the internal molecular structure (or microstructure) of an object. This change may be due to either (or both) of the following factors: - The action of an applied force (or work) - A change in temperature (or heat). In the former case, the applied force may be tensile (pulling) force, compressive (pushing) force, shear, bending or torsion (twisting) forces. In the latter case, the most significant factor which is determined by the temperature is the mobility of the structural defects such as grain boundaries, point vacancies, line and screw dislocations, stacking faults and twins in both crystalline and non-crystalline solids. The movement or displacement of such mobile defects is thermally activated, and thus limited by the rate of atomic diffusion.

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Plastic deformation in solids is a term used in metallurgy, materials science and solid state physics, and refers to an irreversible change in the internal molecular structure (or microstructure) of an object. This change may be due to either (or both) of the following factors: - The action of an applied force (or work) - A change in temperature (or heat). In the former case, the applied force may be tensile (pulling) force, compressive (pushing) force, shear, bending or torsion (twisting) forces. In the latter case, the most significant factor which is determined by the temperature is the mobility of the structural defects such as grain boundaries, point vacancies, line and screw dislocations, stacking faults and twins in both crystalline and non-crystalline solids. The movement or displacement of such mobile defects is thermally activated, and thus limited by the rate of atomic diffusion.