Grease Lubrication in Rolling Bearings

The definitive work on grease lubrication in industrial and vehicle engineering, this book provides an overview of the literature, presents state of the art models, and examines the physical and chemical aspects of grease lubrication, particularly lubrication of rolling bearings.

Informationen zum Autor Piet M. Lugt SKF, The Netherlands Klappentext The definitive book on the science of grease lubrication for roller and needle bearings in industrial and vehicle engineering.Grease Lubrication in Rolling Bearings provides an overview of the existing knowledge on the various aspects of grease lubrication (including lubrication systems) and the state of the art models that exist today. The book reviews the physical and chemical aspects of grease lubrication, primarily directed towards lubrication of rolling bearings.The first part of the book covers grease composition, properties and rheology, including thermal and dynamics properties. Later chapters cover the dynamics of greased bearings, including grease life, bearing life, reliability and testing. The final chapter covers lubrications systems - the systems that deliver grease to the components requiring lubrication.Grease Lubrication in Rolling Bearings: Describes the underlying physical and chemical properties of grease. Discusses the effect of load, speed, temperature, bearing geometry, bearing materials and grease type on bearing wear. Covers both bearing and grease performance, including thermo-mechanical ageing and testing methodologies.It is intended for researchers and engineers in the petro-chemical and bearing industry, industries related to this (e.g. wind turbine industry, automotive industry) and for application engineers. It will also be of interest for teaching in post-graduate courses. Zusammenfassung The definitive book on the science of grease lubrication for roller and needle bearings in industrial and vehicle engineering.Grease Lubrication in Rolling Bearings provides an overview of the existing knowledge on the various aspects of grease lubrication (including lubrication systems) and the state of the art models that exist today. The book reviews the physical and chemical aspects of grease lubrication, primarily directed towards lubrication of rolling bearings.The first part of the book covers grease composition, properties and rheology, including thermal and dynamics properties. Later chapters cover the dynamics of greased bearings, including grease life, bearing life, reliability and testing. The final chapter covers lubrications systems - the systems that deliver grease to the components requiring lubrication.Grease Lubrication in Rolling Bearings: Describes the underlying physical and chemical properties of grease. Discusses the effect of load, speed, temperature, bearing geometry, bearing materials and grease type on bearing wear. Covers both bearing and grease performance, including thermo-mechanical ageing and testing methodologies.It is intended for researchers and engineers in the petro-chemical and bearing industry, industries related to this (e.g. wind turbine industry, automotive industry) and for application engineers. It will also be of interest for teaching in post-graduate courses. Inhaltsverzeichnis 22790886 ...

Autorentext

Piet M. Lugt
SKF, The Netherlands

Klappentext

The definitive book on the science of grease lubrication for roller and needle bearings in industrial and vehicle engineering. Grease Lubrication in Rolling Bearings provides an overview of the existing knowledge on the various aspects of grease lubrication (including lubrication systems) and the state of the art models that exist today. The book reviews the physical and chemical aspects of grease lubrication, primarily directed towards lubrication of rolling bearings. The first part of the book covers grease composition, properties and rheology, including thermal and dynamics properties. Later chapters cover the dynamics of greased bearings, including grease life, bearing life, reliability and testing. The final chapter covers lubrications systems - the systems that deliver grease to the components requiring lubrication. Grease Lubrication in Rolling Bearings: Describes the underlying physical and chemical properties of grease. Discusses the effect of load, speed, temperature, bearing geometry, bearing materials and grease type on bearing wear. * Covers both bearing and grease performance, including thermo-mechanical ageing and testing methodologies. It is intended for researchers and engineers in the petro-chemical and bearing industry, industries related to this (e.g. wind turbine industry, automotive industry) and for application engineers. It will also be of interest for teaching in post-graduate courses.

Inhalt

Preface xvii List of Abbreviations xix 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Why Lubricate Rolling Bearings? 1 1.2 History of Grease Lubrication 2 1.3 Grease Versus Oil Lubrication 3 2 Lubrication Mechanisms 5 2.1 Introduction 5 2.2 Definition of Grease 6 2.3 Operating Conditions 6 2.4 The Phases in Grease Lubrication 7 2.5 Film Thickness During the Bleeding Phase 8 2.5.1 Ball Bearings 8 2.5.2 Roller Bearings 10 2.6 Feed and Loss Mechanisms During the Bleeding Phase 10 2.7 Film Thickness and Starvation (Side Flow) 11 2.8 Track Replenishment 12 2.9 Grease Flow 13 2.9.1 Non-Newtonian Rheology 14 2.10 Wall-Slip 15 2.11 Oxidation 16 2.12 EP Additives 16 2.13 Dynamic Behaviour 17 2.14 Grease Life 17 2.14.1 Temperature 18 2.14.2 Speed 19 2.14.3 Load 19 2.14.4 Bearing Type 20 2.14.5 Grease Type 20 2.14.6 Environment 21 3 Grease Composition and Properties 23 3.1 Base Oil 24 3.1.1 Natural Triglyceride and Wax Ester Base Oils 26 3.1.2 Mineral Oils 26 3.1.3 Synthetic Oils 30 3.2 Base Oil Viscosity and Density 41 3.2.1 Viscosity--Temperature 44 3.2.2 Viscosity--Pressure--Temperature 45 3.2.3 Density, Compressibility 47 3.3 Thickener 49 3.3.1 Soap Greases, Simple Greases 50 3.3.2 Complex Greases 51 3.3.3 Inorganic Thickeners 52 3.3.4 Mixed Thickeners 52 3.3.5 Mechanical Structure 53 3.3.6 Oil Retention 56 3.3.7 Properties of Different Types of Grease Thickeners 56 3.4 Additives 61 3.4.1 Corrosion Inhibitors 62 3.4.2 Anti-Oxidants 62 3.4.3 EP/AW Additives 63 3.5 Solid Fillers/Dry Lubricants 66 3.5.1 MoS2 and Graphite 66 3.5.2 Nanoparticles 66 3.5.3 ZnO 66 3.5.4 Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) 66 3.5.5 Polyethylene 66 3.6 Compatibility 67 3.7 Polymer Grease 67 4 Grease Life in Rolling Bearings 71 4.1 Introduction 71 4.2 Relubrication Intervals and Grease Life 71 4.3 The Traffic Light Concept 72 4.3.1 Low Temperatures 74 4.3.2 Extreme Low Temperature 75 4.3.3 Extreme High Temperature 75 4.4 Grease Life as a Function of Temperature in the Green Zone 75 4.5 SKF Relubrication and Grease Life 76 4.6 Comparison Grease Life/Relubrication Models 78 4.7 Very Low and High Speeds 82 4.7.1 Speed Ratings and Speed Factors 82 4.7.2 High Speed 82 4.7.3 Very Low Speeds 85 4.8 Large Rolling Bearings 85 4.9 Effect of Load 86 4.9.1 Varying Load 86 4.9.2 Direction of Load 89 4.9.3 Very Heavy Loads 89 4.10 Effect of Outer-Ring Rotation 90 4.11 Cage Material 90 4.12 Bearing Type 91 4.12.1 Roller Bearings 91 4.12.2 Hybrid Bearings 91 4.13 Temperature and Bearing Material 92 4.14 Grease Fill 94 4.15 Vertical Shaft 95 4.16 Vibrations and Shock Loads 96 4.17 Grease Shelf Life/Storage Life 97 5 Lubricating Grease Rheology 99 5.1 Visco-Elastic Behaviour 99 5.2 Viscometers 102 5.2.1 Parallel Plate and Cone-Plate Viscometers 103 5.2.2 Errors in Rheometry Measurements 103 5.2.3 Errors in Thin Film Parallel Plate Rheometry Measurements 105 5.3 Oscillatory Shear 108 5.3.1 Theory 108 5.3.2 Application to Grease 110 5.3.3 Effect of Thickener Concentration 112 5.4 Shear Thinning and Yield 112 5.4.1 Grease 112 5.4.2 Lubricating Oil 116 5.5 Yield Stress 118 5.5.1 The Concept 118 5.5.2 Influence of Temperature 119 5.5.3 Consistency 120 5.6 Wall-Slip Effects 122 5.7 Translation Between Oscillato…