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Aquatic ecosystems, which include freshwater and marine environments are essential components of Earth's biosphere. These ecosystems, such as rivers, lakes, wetlands and oceans, support a wide range of species adapted to live in water. Aquatic ecosystems play a vital role in biogeochemical cycles, including the carbon and nitrogen cycles, helping regulate the planet's climate. They provide numerous ecosystem services, such as water purification, nutrient cycling and habitat for diverse organisms. Photosynthetic organisms like phytoplankton and aquatic plants form the base of the food web, supporting various fish, invertebrates and other wildlife. The dynamic interactions within these ecosystems contribute to their productivity and biodiversity. Advances in research and technology continue to enhance our understanding of aquatic ecosystems, highlighting their importance in maintaining ecological balance and supporting life on Earth. The topics covered in this extensive book deal with the core subjects of aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this book is to present researches that have transformed this discipline and aided its advancement. The readers would gain knowledge that would broaden their perspective about ecology and ecosystems.