We present to our readers the proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Phosphate. A short account of the history of the effort led to the Phosphate Workshops is appro priate and can be of interest to the reader. The idea for Phosphate Workshops was born in the early days of November, 1974. One of us (S. G. M. ) suggested the thought to a group of scientists gathered for a luncheon in one of the attrac tive small restaurants in Weisbaden, Germany. The purpose of the workshop was to bring together interested scientists to discuss the newer developments and the recent advances in the field of phosphate metabolism and the other related minerals. An Organizing Committee made of Shaul G. Massry (USA), Louis V. Avioli (USA), Philippe Bordier (France), Herbert Fleisch (Switzerland), and Eduardo Slatopolsky (USA) was formed. The First Workshop was held in Paris during June 5-6, 1975 and was hosted by Dr. Philippe Bordier. Its proceeding was already published. The Second Workshop took place in Heidelberg during June 28-30, 1976 and was hosted by Dr. Eberhard Ritz. Both of these workshops were extremely successful scientific endeavors, and the need for them was demonstrated by the great interest they generated among the scientific community. The Or ganizing Committee, therefore, decided to continue with the tradi tion to hold additional Workshops annually or every other year.

Inhalt
Renal Handling of Phosphate and Other Minerals.- Renal Handling of Phosphate: Update.- Renal Handling of Calcium: Overview.- Renal Tubular Effects of Vitamin D and Its Metabolites.- Phylogeny of Renal Phosphate Transport in the Vertebrates.- Transepithelial Transport of Phosphate Anion in Kidney. Potential Mechanisms for Hypophosphatemia.- Renal Adenylate Cyclase, Calcitonin Receptors and Phosphate Excretion in Rats Immunized Against Tubular Basement Membranes.- Renal Tubular Handling of 3?,5? cAMP in Normal and Parathyroidectomized Rats.- Effects of Glucose on Intestinal and Renal Handling of Calcium.- Renal Actions of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3.- Hypercalciuria after Diphenylhydantoin.- Renal Phosphate Transport in the Phosphate-Depleted Dogs.- Dissociated Reabsorption of Phosphate and Bicarbonate in the Post-Obstructed Dog Kidney.- Parathyroid Hormone-Induced Inhibition of Bicarbonate-Dependent Fluid Absorption in the Proximal Renal Tubule of the Rabbit.- Renal Handling of Sodium, Water and Divalent Ions in Patients with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis.- Minor Influence of Parathyroid Hormone on Fractional Tubular Reabsorption of Phosphate in Chronic Renal Failure.- The Maximal Tubular Reabsorption of Phosphate in Relation to Serum Parathyroid Hormone.- The Postproximal Site of Phosphate Reabsorption in Presence and Absence of Parathyroid Hormone.- Saturation Kinetics of Phosphate Reabsorption in Rats.- Hypocalciuric Effect of Lithium in Man.- The Renal Handling of Phosphate by Renal Transplant Patients: Correlation with Serum Parathyroid Hormone (SPTH), Cyclic 3?,5?-Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) Urinary Excretion, and Allograft Function.- Independence of Phosphate Homeostasis From Parathyroid Function in the Phosphate-Depleted Rat.- Regulation of Vitamin DMetabolism: Role of Phosphate.- Regulation of Vitamin D Metabolism in the Kidney.- Interrelationships Between the Key Elements of the Vitamin D Endocrine System: 25-OH-D3-1-Hydroxylase, Serum Calcium and Phosphorus Levels, Intestinal 1,25(OH)2D3, and Intestinal Calcium Binding Protein.- Influence of Phosphate Depletion on the Biosynthesis and Circulating Level of 1?,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D.- The Regulation of Vitamin D Metabolism.- Phosphate Transport and Phosphate in Disease States.- Phosphate Transport by Isolated Renal and Intestinal Plasma Membranes.- Diphosphonates Mode of Action and Clinical Applications.- Mechanism of Renal Action of Parathyroid Hormone.- Metabolic Acidosis in Hyperparathyroidism Role of Phosphate Depletion and Other Factors.- Idiopathic Hypercalciuria.- Is There a Bone-Kidney Link in the Homeostasis of Inorganic Phosphate (Pi)?.- Effect of Vitamin D3 and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on Intestinal Transport of Phosphate.- Sodium-Dependent Transport of Orthophosphate in Nerve Fibres.- Occurrence of Hyperparathyroidism in Children with X-Linked Hypophosphatemia under Treatment with Vitamin D and Phosphate.- A Possible Relationship Between High-Extraction Cereal and Rickets and Osteomalacia.- Inhibition of Parathyroid Hormone Secretion by Isoproterenol.- Effect of Parathyroid Hormone and Volume Expansion on Jejunal Calcium, Sodium, and Water Transport in the Rat.- Cholecalciferol Metabolites Binding in Porcine Parathyroid Glands.- Effect of a Ca2+ dependent protein kinase and a protein phosphatase on the Ca2+-phosphate transport ATPase.- Influence of Vitamin D on Bicarbonate Reabsorption.- Partial Body Phosphorus by Neutron Activation Analysis and Its Clinical Application.- The Intestinal Absorption of Phosphate in Normal Human Subjects.- Effect of theDiphosphonate EHDP on Plasma Inorganic Phosphate and Hemoglobin Oxygen Affinity of Diabetic and Healthy Subjects.- The Action of 1?hydroxy Vitamin D3 and Phosphate Supplements in Hypophosphataemic Osteomalacia.- 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol: High Affinity Substrate for Hepatic Cytochrome P-450.- Renal Function in Treated Hypoparathyroidism a Possible Direct Nephrotoxic Effect of Vitamin D.- Phosphate and Renal Osteodystrophy.- The Role of Phosphate and Other Factors on the Pathogenesis of Renal Osteodystrophy.- Ultrastructural Aspects of Bone Mineralization in Renal Osteodystrophy.- Renal Osteodystrophy Studies with Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy.- Controversies Regarding Intestinal Phosphate Transport and Absorption.- Skeletal Growth in Uremia.- The Management of Renal Osteodystrophy.- Intestinal Phosphate Absorption in Normal and Uremic Man: Effects of 1,25(OH)2-Vitamin D3 and 1?(OH)-Vitamin D3.- The Effect of Plasma Phosphate on the Action of 1?OHD3 in Haemodialysis Patients.- Evidence for a Relationship between Plasma Immunoreactive Calcitonin and Bone Disease in chronic Renal Failure.- Hypophosphataemia and Osteomalacia in Haemodialysis Patients Not Taking Phosphate Binders.- Effects of 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol on Calcium Metabolism in Chronic Renal Failure.- Bone Disease, Hypophosphatemia and Hyperparathyroidism After Renal Transplantation.- Scintigraphic Skeletal Changes in Dialysis and Kidney Transplanted Patients.