Readily Reproducible Methods for Analyzing Pesticides in Air, Water, Food and the Body

A comprehensive collection of robust methods for the detection of pesticide compounds or their metabolites useful in food, environmental, and biological monitoring, and in studies of exposure via food, water, air, and the skin or lungs. The readily reproducible methods range from gas and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detection and other classic detectors, to capillary electrophoresis and immunochemical or radioimmunoassay methods. The authors have focused on extraction and cleanup procedures, in order to develop and optimize more fullyautomated and miniaturized methods, including solid-phase extraction, solid-phase microextraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and on-line tandem liquid chromatography (LC/LC) trace enrichment, among others. The protocols offer step-by-step laboratory instructions, an introduction outlining the principles behind the technique, lists of the necessary equipment and reagents, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.

Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras

Klappentext
Recent advances in the analysis of pesticide residues in both environmental and food commodities hold out the possibility of analyzing many pesticides in one analytical run. In Pesticide Protocols, expert researchers-who have each perfected the techniques they write about-describe in step-by-step detail robust methods for the detection of pesticide compounds or their metabolites, techniques that are highly useful in food, environmental, and biological monitoring, and in studies of exposure via food, water, air, and the skin or lungs. The methods range from gas and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detection and other classic detectors, to capillary electrophoresis and immunochemical or radioimmunoassay techniques. The authors apply these broad-ranging techniques to the analysis of several families of pesticides, to pesticide residues in vegetables, to pesticides in water and air, and to pesticide exposure. The authors have focused on extraction and cleanup procedures in order to develop and optimize more fully automated and miniaturized methods, including solid-phase extraction, solid-phase microextraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and on-line tandem liquid chromatography trace enrichment, among others. The protocols follow the successful Methods in Biotechnology™ series format, each offering step-by-step laboratory instructions, an introduction outlining the principles behind the technique, lists of the necessary equipment and reagents, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.
Comprehensive and versatile, Pesticide Protocols offers analysts powerful and highly practical tools for analyzing the presence of pesticides in complex matrices.

Inhalt
Analytical Methodologies to Determine Pesticides and Metabolites in Human Fat Tissues and Body Fluids.- Analysis of Endocrine Disruptor Pesticides in Adipose Tissue Using Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.- Determination of Pyrethroids in Blood Plasma and Pyrethroid/Pyrethrin Metabolites in Urine by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and High-Resolution GC-MS.- A Multianalyte Method for the Quantification of Current-Use Pesticides in Human Serum or Plasma Using Isotope Dilution Gas Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry.- Application of Solid-Phase Disk Extraction Combined With Gas Chromatographic Techniques for Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides in Human Body Fluids.- Comprehensive Approach for Biological Monitoring of Pesticides in Urine Using HPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS.- Urinary Ethylenethiourea as a Biomarker of Exposure to Ethylenebisdithiocarbamates.- Analysis of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid and 2-Methyl-4-Chloro-Phenoxyacetic Acid in Human Urine.- Determination of Herbicides in Human Urine by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry With Electrospray Ionization.- Analysis of Pentachlorophenol and Other Chlorinated Phenols in Biological Samples by Gas Chromatography or Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.- Analysis of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid in Body Fluids of Exposed Subjects Using Radioimmunoassay.- A High-Throughput Screening Immunochemical Protocol for Biological Exposure Assessment of Chlorophenols in Urine Samples.- Assessment of Inhalatory and Potential Dermal Exposure.- Assessment of Postapplication Exposure to Pesticides in Agriculture.- Field Study Methods for the Determination of Bystander Exposure to Pesticides.- Determination of Household Insecticides in Indoor Air by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.- Assessment of Dermal and Inhalatory Exposure of Agricultural Workers to Malathion Using Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.- Pesticides in Human Fat and Serum Samples vs Total Effective Xenoestrogen Burden.- Pesticide Analysis in Food.- Quality Criteria in Pesticide Analysis.- Immunoassay Methods for Measuring Atrazine and 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol in Foods.- Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe Approach for Determining Pesticide Residues.- Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Vegetable Oils by Single-Step Multicartridge Extraction and Cleanup and by Gas Chromatography With Flame Photometric Detector.- Multiclass Pesticide Analysis in Vegetables Using Low-Pressure Gas Chromatography Linked to Tandem Mass Spectrometry.- Use of Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion for Determining Pesticides in Fish and Foods.- Analysis of Fungicides in Fruits and Vegetables by Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry.- Application of Supercritical Fluid Extraction for the Analysis of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Grain and Dried Foodstuffs.- Application of Microwave-Assisted Extraction for the Analysis of Dithiocarbamates in Food Matrices.- Enantioselective Determination of ?-Hexachlorocyclohexane in Food Samples by GC-MS.- Pesticide Analysis in Water.- Automated Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for Screening and Determination of Multiclass Pesticides in Water.- Analysis of Herbicides in Water by On-Line In-Tube Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled With Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.- Coupled-Column Liquid Chromatography for the Determination of Pesticide Residues.- On-Line Admicelle-Based Solid-Phase Extraction-Liquid Chromatography-Ionization Trap Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis ofQuaternary Ammonium Herbicides in Drinking Water.- Molecular Imprinted Solid-Phase Extraction for Cleanup of Chlorinated Phenoxyacids From Aqueous Samples.- Automated Trace Analysis of Pesticides in Water.- Gas Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry-Based Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Organotin Compounds in Water.- Determination of Triazine Herbicides and Degradation Products in Water by Solid-Phase Extraction and Chromatographic Techniques Coupled With Mass Spectrometry.- An Optical Immunosensor for Pesticide Determination in Natural Waters.