Nuclear, Chromosomal, and Genomic Architecture in Biology and Medicine

This volume reviews the latest research on the functional implications of nuclear, chromosomal and genomic organization and architecture on cell and organismal biology, and development and progression of diseases.

The architecture of the cell nucleus and non-random arrangement of chromosomes, genes, and the non-membranous nuclear bodies in the three-dimensional (3D) space alters in response to the environmental, mechanical, chemical, and temporal cues. The changes in the nuclear, chromosomal, or genomic compaction and configuration modify the gene expression program and induce or inhibit epigenetic modifications. The intrinsically programmed rearrangements of the nuclear architecture are necessary for cell differentiation, the establishment of cell fate during development and maturation of tissues and organs including the immune, muscle, and nervous systems.

The non-programmed changes in the nuclear architecture can lead to fragmentation of the nucleus and instability ofthe genome and thus cause cancer. Microbial and viral infections can lead to a clustering of centromeres, telomeres and ribosomal DNA and alter the properties of the nuclear membrane, allowing large immobile macromolecules to enter the nucleus.

Recent advances in next-generation sequencing technologies combined with nucleus/chromosome conformation capture, super-resolution imaging, chromosomal contact maps methods, integrative modeling, and genetic approaches, are uncovering novel features and importance of nuclear, chromosomal and genomic architecture. This book is an interesting read for cell biologists, researchers studying the structure and function of chromosomes, and anyone else who wants to get an overview of the field of nuclear, chromosomal and genomic architecture.

Examines effects of changes in nuclear, chromosomal and genomic architecture in the cell Addresses implications of such changes for cell development and maturation Also covers possible disease-related implications

Autorentext
Malgorzata Kloc: Prior to completing her postdoctoral training in Canada, Dr. Malgorzata Kloc was a tenured Associate Professor in the Department of Zoology at the University of Warsaw, Poland. She also served as a Research Associate in the Department of Biology at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. While completing her postdoctoral training, Dr. Kloc earned the AHFMR Research Award from the University of Calgary and the MRC Biotechnology Training Award from Dalhousie University. She joined the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center as a Research Scientist in the Department of Molecular Genetics in 1987, and became an Associate Professor in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology there in 2006. Dr. Kloc joined the Houston Methodist Research Institute in 2008. Currently, Dr. Kloc is the Weill Cornell Professor of Cell and Molecular Biology at The Houston Methodist Hospital and the Adjunct Professor at Department of Genetics, University of Texas, M D Anderson Cancer Center.

Dr. Jacek Z. Kubiak is the Research Director (Full Professor) at the French CNRS in Rennes, France. His research is devoted to molecular mechanisms of early embryo development, cell cycle regulation, stem cells, cancer cells and the role of macrophages in the innate immune response. He is the author of 180 highly cited scientific articles and the editor or co-editor of 6 books. He has graduated from the Warsaw University, Poland and worked at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA and Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, USA. He collaborates with research institutes in Poland combining stem cells and cancer research with with the prospective in medical applications. Since the COVID-19 outbreak, he co-ordinates an international research group focused on SARS-CoV-2 infection in paediatric patients in WIM institute, Warsaw, Poland.

Inhalt

Part I. Genome Architecture, Evolution, and Cell Fate.- Chapter 1. Networks and Islands of Genome Nano-Architecture and their Potential Relevance for Radiation Biology (A Hypothesis and Experimental Verification Hints).- Chapter 2. A Unified Genomic Mechanism of Cell-Fate Change.- Chapter 3. Alterations to Genome Organisation in Stem Cells, Their Differentiation and Associated Diseases.- Chapter 4. How Genomes Emerge, Function, and Evolve: Living Systems Emergence - Genotype-Phenotype-Multilism - Genome/Systems Ecology.- Chapter 5. Integrating Multimorbidity into a Whole-Body Understanding of Disease Using Spatial Genomics.- Part II. Chromosomes and Chromatin Architecture and Dynamics.- Chapter 6. Mitotic Antipairing of Homologous Chromosomes.- Chapter 7. CENP-A, a Histone H3 Variant with Key Roles in Centromere Architecture in Healthy and Diseased States.- Chapter 8. Scaling Relationship in Chromatin as a Polymer.- Chapter 9. Chromatin Dynamics during Entry toQuiescence and Compromised Functionality in Cancer Cells.- Chapter 10. Functional Aspects of Sperm Chromatin Organization.- Part III. Mechanosensitive and Epigenetic Regulators of Gene Expression and Chromatin Organization.- Chapter 11. The LINC Complex Assists the Nuclear Import of Mechanosensitive Transcriptional Regulators.- Chapter 12. Epigenetic-Mediated Regulation of Gene Expression for Biological Control and Cancer: Cell and Tissue Structure, Function, and Phenotype.- Chapter 13. Epigenetic-Mediated Regulation of Gene Expression for Biological Control and Cancer: Fidelity of Mechanisms Governing the Cell Cycle.- Chapter 14. Histone Modifications in Mouse Pronuclei and Consequences for Embryo Development.- Part IV. Nucleus, Nucleolus, and Nucleolar Organizer Architecture.- Chapter 15. Nuclear Architecture in the Nervous System.- Chapter 16. Nuclear Morphological Abnormalities in Cancer: A Search for Unifying Mechanisms.- Chapter 17. Nuclear Organization in Response to Stress: A Special Focus on Nucleoli.- Chapter 18. Simulation of Different Three-Dimensional Models of Whole Interphase Nuclei Compared to Experiment A Consistent Scale-Bridging Simulation Framework for Genome Organization.- Chapter 19. Nucleolar Organizer Regions as Transcription-Based Scaffolds of Nucleolar Structure and Function.- Chapter 20. A Transient Mystery: Nucleolar Channel Systems.- Part V. Nuclear Actin Role in Polarization, Genome Organization, and Gene Expression.- Chapter 21. Cellular Polarity Transmission to the Nucleus.- Chapter 22. The Role of Nuclear Actin in Genome Organization and Gene Expression Regulation During Differentiation.- Chapter 23. Nuclear Actin Dynamics in Gene Expression, DNA Repair, and Cancer.