Scientific and Ethical Discipline in Clinical Trials on Acute Leukemia G. MATHE Institut de Cancerologie ct d'Immunogenetique "', Hi'ipital Paul-Brousse "."", Villejuif/France Clinical research is still in an evolutionary stage. Although scientific technology was readily accepted and applied, scientific methodology has been accepted much more slowly and is very rarely properly applied. There are three reasons why this is so. First, medical ethics frequently limits the applicability of clinical research, for doctors have to be more than scientists. They must also remain moral philosophers, as they were before medicine became a science. Second, the heterogeneity of the material on which clinical researchers work in studying human diseases makes the application of scientific methodology difficult. Third, researchers must publish. This means that they must obtain publishable results, and too often this means results in accordance with established concepts, easily accepted by the editors of established journals, which are read by the establishment. It is the privilege of too many people to be able to accept "truth" and recipes from other people and confirm their truth and results. It is the mission of a very few others to accept nothing as "truth" and to consider no recipe ideal, either in concept or detail.

Inhalt
General Introduction.- First Session Nomenclature and Classification.- to Nomenclature and Classification of Acute Leukemias.- Classification and Subclassification of Acute Leukemias Correlated with Clinical Expression, Therapeutic Sensitivity and Prognosis.- Classification of Acute Leukemias Using Romanowsky, Sudan Black and Periodic Acid Schiff Stains.- Survival Prediction Based on Morphology of Lymphoblasts.- Cytology and Survival in Acute Lymphatic Leukemia of Children.- Histologic Criteria for Diagnosis and Classification of Acute Leukemias.- Practical Value of Cytochemical Studies for the Classification in Acute Leukemias.- Indications and Limits of Cytochemistry in Acute Leukemia.- Cytologic Diagnosis of Leukemias by Electron Microscopy.- Electron Microscopic Aspects of Cells in the Four Sub varieties of Acute Lymphoid Leukemia.- Observations on the Kinetics of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Relation to its Division into Subvarieties.- Cytokinetic Studies and Treatment Response in Adult Acute Leukemia.- Contribution of Cultures in Agar to the Classification of Acute Leukemias: Preliminary Results.- The Heterogeneity of Cell Culture Findings in Patients with Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia.- Biochemical Techniques for Classification of Leukmic Cell Types.- Conclusions of the Working Session on Nomenclature and Classification.- Second Session Methodology of Clinical Trials.- to Methodology of Clinical Trials in the Varieties of Acute Leukemia; Defining the Numerator and Denominator in Leukemic Trials.- Criteria for Short-Term Results in the Treatment of Acute Leukemia.- Problems in the Evaluation of Long-Term Results.- Attempts at Standardization of Methods and Expression of Results.- The Analysis of Clinical Trials in Leukemia.- Third Session ActuarialResults.- Comparative Results Obtained in the Treatment of Acute Leukemia.- Clinical and Immunological Recovery of Children with Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Admitted to Total Therapy Studies.- Recent Results in Acute Leukemias at the Hospital Saint-Louis.- A New Agent Active in the Treatment of Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia: 22 050 R. P.- Comparative Results Obtained in the Treatment of Acute Lymphoid Leukemia, Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Acute Monocytoid Leukemia.- Preliminary Results of a Trial on Acute Myeloid Leukemia Comparing the Effect of Cytosine Arabinoside, the Combination of Cytosine Arabinoside and Thioguanine and the Combination of Cytosine Arabinoside and Daunorubicine by Leukemia and Hematosarcoma Cooperative Group of the EORTC.- Recent Results in Cancer Research.