This compendium presents some of the major applications of neutron scattering techniques to problems in biology. It is a record of the papers presented at the Neutrons in Biology Conference, the third in an occasional series held to highlight progress in the field and to provide a focus for future direction. The strength ofthe neutron scattering technique remains principally in the manipula tion of scattering density through hydrogen and deuterium atoms. The development ofad vanced detectors, innovative instrument and beamline components, and sophisticated data acquisition systems through the 1970s and early 1980s provided a sound foundation for the technique. With continued development, some of the exotic and expensive equipment has become affordable by the medium-sized facilities, thereby broadening the user base considerably. Despite problems with the major neutron sources in the late 1980s and early 1990s, some spectacular results have been achieved. Whilst the high and medium flux beam reac tors will continue to make a major impact in the field, the results from the first experi ments, and the planned developments on spallation neutron sources, clearly indicate that the technique has enormous potential.

Klappentext

Proceedings of a workshop held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, October 24-28, 1994

Zusammenfassung
Proceedings of a workshop held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, October 24-28, 1994

Inhalt
Neutrons in Biology: A Perspective.- Plenary Lecture.- 1. Neutron Anatomy.- Neutron Sources.- 2. Neutron Scattering Facilities: History, Performance, and Prospects.- 3. The NIST NBSR and Cold Neutron Research Facility.- 4. Neutron Scattering Instrumentation for Biology at Spallation Neutron Sources.- 5. The Potential for Biological Structure Determination with Pulsed Neutrons.- Neutron Instrumentations.- 6. High Precision Thermal Neutron Detectors.- 7. Neutron Scattering in Australia.- 8. Structural Biology Facilities at Brookhaven National Laboratory's High Flux Beam Reactor.- 9. Neutron Instrumentation for Biology.- 10. Neutron Scattering and Diffraction Instrument for Structural Study on Biology in Japan.- 11. Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Instrument of Institute for Solid State Physics, the University of Tokyo (SANS-U) and Its Application to Biology.- Small Angle Scattering.- 12. Neutron Scattering Studies on Chromatin Higher-Order Structure.- 13. The Structure of the Muscle Protein Complex 4Ca2+C·Troponin C· Troponin I: Monte Carlo Modeling Analysis of Small-Angle X-Ray Data.- 14. Structural Model of the 50S Subunit of E. coli Ribosomes from Solution Scattering.- 15. Probing Self Assembly in Biological Mixed Colloids by SANS, Deuteration, and Molecular Manipulation.- Membrane Structures and Dynamics.- 16. Neutron Diffraction Studies of Amphipathic Helices in Phospholipid Bilayers.- 17. Fluid Bilayer Structure Determination: Joint Refinement in 'Composition Space'.- 18. Neutron Reflectivity Studies of Single Lipid Bilayers Supported on Planar Substrates.- 19. Intercalation of Small Hydrophobic Molecules in Lipid Bilayers Containing Cholesterol.- 20. Cylindrical Aggregates of Chlorophylls Studied by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering.- 21. Neutron ScatteringStudies of the Dynamics of Biopolymer-Water Systems Using Pulsed-Source Spectrometers.- Protein Structures.- 22. Protein-Detergent Interactions in Single Crystals of Membrane Proteins Studied by Neutron Crystallography.- 23. Hydroxyl and Water Molecule Orientations in Trypsin: Comparison to Molecular Dynamics Structures.- 24. Understanding Water: Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Myoglobin.- 25. Theoretical Description of Biomolecular Hydration: Application to A-DNA.- 26. High-Level Expression and Deuteration of Sperm Whale Myoglobin: A Study of Its Solvent Structure by X-Ray and Neutron Diffraction Methods.- 27. Myoglobin Solvent Structure at Different Temperatures.- 28. Determination of Protein and Solvent Volumes in Protein Crystals from Contrast Variation Data.- Fiber Diffraction.- 29. DNA Hydration Studied by Neutron Fiber Diffraction.- 30. Time-of-Flight Laue Fiber Diffraction Studies of Perdeuterated DNA.- 31. The Chemical Reactivity and Structure of Collagen Studied by Neutron Diffraction.- New Analysis and Experimental Techniques.- 32. in Situ Shape and Distance Measurements in Neutron Scattering and Diffraction.- 33. The Determination of the in Situ Structure by Nuclear Spin Contrast Variation.- 34. Neutron Diffractometer for Bio-Crystallography (BIX) with an Imaging Plate Neutron Detector.- 35. A Neutron Image Plate Quasi-Laue Diffractometer for Protein Crystallography.- 36. Neutron Diffractometers for Structural Biology at Spallation Neutron Sources.