This book includes the most significant contributions of the 3rd International Symposium on MULTIPLE RISK FACTORS IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE held in Florence, Italy, July 6-9, 1994. The meeting focused on the risk factors for cardiovascular disease and their interactions. The need for this symposium is based on the epidemiological evidence that individuals from industrialized countries often possess two or more risk factors which synergistically increase the global risk profile. This has become more evident in recent years with the increase in life expectancy of the general population. The evidence that in high risk patients, a combination of risk factors often is detected, is highlighted in these Proceedings. Many recent epidemiological data identifYing the intrinsic and environmental factors contributing to the development of atherosclerosis are discussed. These results, in parallel with basic and clinical research, underline how atherosclerosis is a complex and multifactorial process involving the influences of lipids, including lipoprotein subfractions, blood pressure, rheologic forces, carbohydrate tolerance, and thrombogenic factors. Furthermore, the risk associated with anyone of these risk factors varies widely depending on level of the associated atherogenic risk factors.

Klappentext

Patients with two or more risk factors have a very high risk of developing cardiovascular disease. It follows that the strategy for the intervention of multiple risk factors is in fact of paramount relevance in detecting patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease requiring therapeutic intervention. Multiple Risk Factors in Cardiovascular Disease: Vascular and Organ Protection also discusses risk factors from the point of view of biochemists and pharmacologists by addressing the mechanisms underlying the onset of hypertension, hyperlipoproteinaemia, hypercoagulability, and the possibility of therapeutic intervention. Audience: Biochemists, pharmacologists and clinical pharmacologists, specialists in the field of cardiovascular medicine seeking to keep abreast of current knowledge in the fast moving field of cardiovascular disease.

Inhalt
Preface. I: Multiple Risk Factors in Population. 1. Lipid Risk Factors and the Regression of Atherosclerosis; A. M. Gotto Jr. 2. Multiple Risk Factors: What is Next? M. Higgins, C. Lenfant 3. Multiple Risk Factors in Northern Italy; G. A. Feruglio, D. Vanuzzo, G. Cesana, M. Ferrario on behalf of the MONICA- Friuli and MONICA-Brianza Study Groups. 4. Long-Term Associations between Hemostatic Variables and Ischemic Heart Disease; T. W. Meade. 5. Cardiovascular Gene Therapy: Possibilities and Realities; V. J. Dzau, R. Morishita, G. H. Gibbons. 6. Triglycerides and Coronary Heart Disease: An Update; M. H. Criqui. II: Lipids and Lipoproteins. 7. Factors Controlling Lipoprotein Metabolism; E. Sehayek, S. Eisenberg. 8. Apolipoproteins in the Treatment of Vascular and Nonvascular Disease; C. R. Sirtori. 9. Explorations of Postprandial Lipids in a Case of Homozygous APO B45.2; B. Jacotot, A. Piolot, M. Ayraut-Jarrier, N. Lemort, C. Martin, S. Braschi, F. Yen, B. Bihain. 10. Apolipoprotein E Binding and Hepatic Lipase-Mediated Catabolism Make Alternate Pathways in the Metabolism of Intermediate Lipoprotein Particles: Observation in Patients with Hepatic Lipase Deficiency; A. Yamamoto, Y. Ikeda, Z. Tsutsumi, A. Mori, A. Takagi, M. Tsushima. III: Critical Aspects of Vascular Protection of New Dihydropyridine Calcium Antagonists. 11. New Aspects of the Pharmacology of Dihydropyridine Calcium Antagonists; T. Godfraind, O. Feron, N. Morel, S. Salomone, M. Wibo. 12. Membrane Interaction of Lipophilic Dihydropyridines as New Mechanisms for VascularProtection; G. Gaviraghi, D. Trist. 13. Mechanisms of Free Radical Oxidations and Vascular Damage: Protective Effect of Dihydropyridines; F. Ursini. 14. Lipophilic Dihydropyridines: New Opportunities for Preventionof Atherosclerosis; R. Paoletti. 15. Clinical Trial Design and Noninvasive Atherosclerosis Endpoints for Studying Lipophilic Dihydropyridines; M. G. Bond, M. Mercuri, R. Arens, F. Gianfrate for the ELSA Collaborative Research Group. IV: N-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Risk Factors. 16. The Biological Roles of n-e Fatty Acids: Metabolic and Nutritional Aspects; C. Galli. 17. Effect of Supplementation with Moderate Doses of n-3 Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters to Hypertriglyceridemic Patients on Lipid and Hemostatic Variables; E. Tremoli, S. Colli, P. Maderna, S. Eligini, E. Stragliotto, P. Risé, F. Pazzucconi, C. R. Sirtori, C. Galli. 18. Long-Lasting Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation Following a Relatively Short-Course Administration of n-3 Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters; A. M. Cerbone, T. Cusano, E. Tremoli, C. Galli, F. Cirillo, A. Coppola, E. Stragliotto, A. Amoriello, V. Marottoli, G. Vecchione, G. Di Minno. V: Diabetes. 19. Insulin Resistance and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; K. G. M. M. Alberti. 20. Glucose as a Risk Factor for Atherosclerosis; R. Bucala, A. Cerami. 21. Dyslipidemia in NIDDM: New Insights; M.-R. Taskinen, M. Syvänne, S. Lahdenperä. 22. Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk: Epidemiological Aspects; S. M. Haffner. 23. Rational Treatment of the `Plurimetabolic Syndrome'; A