Modern Crystallography IV is devoted to a systematic and up- to-date description of fundamental physical properties of solid and liquid crystals. These include elastic and mechanical, dielectric and ferroelectric, magnetic and optical properties, transport phenomena and spectroscopy. An important feature of the treatment is its use of the crystallographic approach, an introduction to which is given in the opening chapter of the book. The topics are treated at a level understandable to students who have two years of university physics. Researchers and engineers working on practical applications should also find the book useful, as should specialists in other fields who wish to broaden their knowledge of crystallography and materials science. The book is written by a group of leading scientists from the Institute of Crystallography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Klappentext

Modern Crystallography IV is devoted to a systematic and up- to-date description of fundamental physical properties of solid and liquid crystals. These include elastic and mechanical, dielectric and ferroelectric, magnetic and optical properties, transport phenomena and spectroscopy. An important feature of the treatment is its use of the crystallographic approach, an introduction to which is given in the opening chapter of the book. The topics are treated at a level understandable to students who have two years of university physics. Researchers and engineers working on practical applications should also find the book useful, as should specialists in other fields who wish to broaden their knowledge of crystallography and materials science. The book is written by a group of leading scientists from the Institute of Crystallography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Inhalt

1. Fundamentals of Tensor and Symmetry Description of the Physical Properties of Crystals.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Tensors and Their Transformations.- 1.3 Geometric Interpretation of Tensors. Indicatrice Surfaces.- 1.4 Proper (Exterior) Symmetry of Tensors.- 1.5 Symmetry of Physical Properties.- 2. Mechanical Properties of Crystals.- 2.1 Elastic Properties of Crystals.- 2.2 Plastic Glide Deformation.- 2.3 Dislocation Description of Plastic Deformation by Glide.- 2.4 Diffusion Mechanisms of Plastic Deformation.- 2.5 Mechanical Twinning of Crystals.- 2.6 Fracture.- 2.7 Methods for Studying the Mechanical Properties of Crystals.- 3. Electrical Properties of Crystals.- 3.1 Polarization, Electrical Conductivity, and Dielectric Losses.- 3.2 Pyroelectric Phenomena.- 3.3 Piezoelectric Effect and Electrostriction.- 3.4 Domain Structure and Peculiarities of the Electrical Properties of Ferroelectrics and Antiferroelectrics.- 3.5 Structure and Properties of Some Ferroelectrics and Antiferroelectrics.- 3.6 Phase Transition in Ferroelectrics. Fundamentals of Spontaneous Polarization Theory.- 4. Magnetic Properties of Crystals.- 4.1 Disordered Magnetics.- 4.2 Ordered Magnetics.- 4.3 Domain Structure of Ferromagnetic Crystals and Magnetization Processes.- 4.4 Anisotropy of Ferromagnetic Crystals.- 4.5 Structure of Some Magnetically Ordered Crystals and Reorientation Transitions.- 4.6 Piezomagnetic and Magnetoelectric Effects.- 5. Semiconducting Crystals.- 5.1 Basic Properties of Semiconductors.- 5.2 Electron-Hole Junctions.- 6. Transport Phenomena in Crystals.- 6.1 Electrical Conductivity of Crystals.- 6.2 Thermal Conductivity of Crystals.- 6.3 Thermoelectric Effects.- 6.4 Galvano-and Thermomagnetic Effects.- 7. Optical Properties of Crystals.- 7.1 Plane Electromagnetic Waves in an Anisotropic Medium.- 7.2 Uniaxial and Biaxial Crystals.- 7.3 Birefringence in Crystals.- 7.4 Light Interference in Crystals.- 7.5 Light Absorption in Crystals.- 7.6 Optical Activity of Crystals.- 7.7 Electro-optical Properties of Crystals.- 7.8 Magneto-optical Properties of Crystals.- 7.9 Piezo-optical Properties of Crystals.- 7.10 Light Scattering in Crystals.- 7.11 Nonlinear Optical Properties of Crystals.- 7.12 Essentials of the Crystal-Field Theory.- 7.13 Laser Crystals.- 7.14 Polarized Luminescence in Crystals.- 7.15 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of Impurity Ions in Crystals.- 8. Liquid Crystals.- 8.1 Basic Characteristics of Liquid Crystals.- 8.2 Texture and Optical Properties of Liquid Crystals.- 8.3 Theory of Liquid-Crystal State.- 8.4 Magnetic Properties of Liquid Crystals.- 8.5 Electrical Properties of Liquid Crystals.- 8.6 Thermal Properties of Liquid Crystals.- References.