The present volume constitutes the proceedings of the~ymposium: "Measur ing Selection in Natural Populations", held in memory of late professor Ove Frydenberg. The Symposium took place in Sandbjerg Manor House in Southern Jutland May 10-14, 1976. The purpose of the symposium was to reflect contemporary research on the mechanisms of biological evolu tion. The arrangement of the symposium was possible only with the assis tance and work of many other people. Professor Ole Barndorff-Nielsen took an active part in the planning and arrangement of the symposium. Our gratitude is also due to Ellen Christensen, Jens Ole Frier, Arno Jensen, Preben Jensen and Anne Nissen, all of whom took care of the practical arrangements at the symposium. The publication was prepared with the assistance of Arno Jensen, Preben Jensen, Verner Blak Nielsen and Kirsten Svendsen. The Symposium was financed by grants from The Danish Natural Science Research Council, The Danish Atomic Energy Commission and The University of Aarhus. Aarhus, June 1977 Freddy B. Christiansen Tom M. Fenchel LIST OF PARTICIPANTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ALLARD, R.W.: Department of Genetics, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA. ANDERSEN, A. HOLST: Department of Theoretical Statistics, Institute of Mathematics, University of Aarhus, Ny Munkegade, DK-SOOO Aarhus C, Denmark. AYALA, F.J.: Department of Genetics, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA. BARKER, J.S.F.: Department of Animal Husbandry, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia.

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1. Study of Selection.- Estimation of mating cycle components of selection in plants.- Population genetics of Zoarces viviparus (L.), a review.- A study of sexual selection in natural populations of the milkweed beetle, Tetraopes tetraophthalmus.- How does the genome congeal?.- Attempts to measure selection by altering gene frequencies in natural populations.- Genetic variance for viability and linkage disequilibrium in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster.- Sexual selection and the evolution of territoriality in birds.- Functional aspects of genetic variation.- On conditional inference for deviation from Hardy-Weinberg distribution.- 2. Study of Polymorphism.- Selection and neutrality.- Protein evolution: Nonrandom patterns in related species.- Polymorphism, selection, and multi-locus heterozygosity in the plaice, Pleuronectes platessa L..- Hidden heterogeneity among electrophoretic alleles.- Natural selection and the ?-GPDH locus in Drosophilidae.- Nonrandom associations between allozymes in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster.- Polymorphism for the number of genes coding for salivary amylase in the bank vole, Clethrionomys glareola.- A geometric formulation of the stability condition at a triallelic locus.- A general model to account for enzyme variation in natural populations. IV The quantitative genetics of viability mutants.- 3. Sex and Evolution.- The sex habit in plants and animals.- Evolution of the sex ratio in the wood lemming, Myopus schisticolor.- Population genetics, demography and the sex ratio.- A comparative study on enzyme polymorphisms in sympatric diploid and polyploid populations of Lumbricillus lineatus (O.F.M.), Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta.- Selection and genetic differentiation in parthogenetic populations.- 4. Ecology andEvolution.- Cactus-breeding Drosophila A system for the measurement of natural selection.- Test of the hypothesis that migration balances selection in differentiated subpopulations of Spirorbis borealis.- The selection regime of Philaneus spumarius (L.) (Homoptera).- Effects of a virus on competition and selection in barley.- Selection and interspecific competition.- Coevolution in ecological systems: Results from loop analysis for purely density-dependent coevolution.- 5. Human Evolution.- Selection and non-Mendelian variability.- Estimation of the characteristics of rare variants.- The genetics of HLA and disease associations.