This book develops a theory of objects as a foundation for object- oriented languages and programming. It shows how object-oriented notions may be expressed in terms of a few basic primitives, and how these can be used to design and understand object-oriented programming languages.

Zusammenfassung
By developing object calculi in which objects are treated as primitives, this title explains both the semantics of objects and their typing rules, and demonstrates how to develop various important concepts of object-oriented programming languages: self, dynamic dispatch, classes, inheritance, protected and private methods, prototyping, and more.

Inhalt
Prologue.- Review: Object-Oriented Features.- 1 Object Orientation.- 2 Class-Based Languages.- 3 Advanced Class-Based Features.- 4 Object-Based Languages.- 5 Modeling Object-Oriented Languages.- I: Untyped and First-Order Calculi.- 6 Untyped Calculi.- 7 First-Order Calculi.- 8 Subtyping.- 9 Recursion.- 10 Untyped Imperative Calculi.- 11 First-Order Imperative Calculi.- 12 A First-Order Language.- II: Second-Order Calculi.- 13 Second-Order Calculi.- 14 A Semantics.- 15 Definable Covariant Self Types.- 16 Primitive Covariant Self Types.- 17 Imperative Calculi with Self Types.- 18 Interpretations of Object Calculi.- 19 A Second-Order Language.- III: Higher-Order Calculi.- 20 A Higher-Order Calculus.- 21 A Language with Matching.- Epilogue.- APPENDIX: Rules and Proofs.- A Fragments.- A.1 Simple-Objects Fragments.- A.2 Other Typing Fragments.- A.3 Other Equational Fragments.- B Systems.- C Proofs.- C.1 Proof of the Variance Lemma from Section 13.3.- C.2 Proof of the Variance Lemma from Section 16.4.- C.3 Deriving the Rules for ?-Objects from Section 15.1.2.- C.4 Denotational Soundness of Equational Rules.- List of Figures.- List of Tables.- List of Notations.- List of Languages.