The International Congresses of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, which are held every fourth year, give a cross-section of ongoing research in logic and philosophy of science. Both the invited lectures and the many contributed papers are conductive to this end. At the 9th Congress held in Uppsala in 1991 there were 54 invited lectures and around 650 contributed papers divided into 15 different sections. Some of the speakers who presented contributed papers that attracted special interest were invited to submit their papers for publication, and the result is the present volume. A few papers appear here more or less as they were presented at the Congress whereas others are expansions or elaborations of the talks given at the Congress. A selection of this kind, containing 38 papers drawn from the 650 contributed papers presented at the Uppsala Congress, cannot do justice to all facets of the field as it appeared at the Congress. But it should allow the reader to get a representative survey of contemporary research in large areas of philosophical logic and philosophy of science. About half of the papers of the volume appear in sections listed at the Congress under the heading Philosophical and Foundational Problems about the Sciences. The section Foundations of Logic, Mathematics and Computer Science is represented by three papers, Foundations of Physical Sciences by six papers, Foundations of Biological Sciences by three papers, Foundations of Cognitive Science and AI by one paper, and Foundations of Linguistics by three papers.

Klappentext

This collection of 38 papers gives a cross-section of ongoing research in philosophy of science and philosophical logic. The papers, written by active researchers in the field and published here for the first time, are drawn from around 650 papers that were contributed to the 9th International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science in Uppsala, Sweden, 1991. Some of the speakers whose contributions attracted special interest were invited to contribute their papers to this volume. A few papers appear here more or less as they were presented at the Congress, whereas others are expansions or elaborations of the talks given. There is one section with five papers on philosophical logic. The other papers deal with many different aspects of philosophy of science, including general methodological questions, problems of probability, induction and decision theory, and ethics of science and technology, as well as foundational problems about particular sciences. Five special sections are concerned with logic, mathematics and computer science, the physical sciences, the biological sciences, cognitive science, and linguistics, respectively. Finally, there is one section on the history of logic, methodology and philosophy of science. The book will be of interest to philosophers of science and logicians, as well as to all researchers interested in the foundations of their disciplines.

Zusammenfassung
Papers from the 9th International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science

Inhalt
Philosophical Logic.- On the Interpretation of Attitude Logics.- Taking Belief Bases Seriously.- Montague-Gallin's Intensional Logic, Structured Meanings and Scott's Domains.- The Logic of Belief Change and Nonadditive Probability.- How to Model Relational Belief Revision.- Methodology.- A Probabilistic Foundation of Statistical Mechanics.- Innate Knowledge and Scientific Rationality.- Belief Revision: Subjectivist Principles and Practice.- Unification and Support: Harmonic Law Ratios Measure the Mass of the Sun.- Theoretical Explanation and Unification.- From Phenomena to Metaphysics.- How to Fix a Prior.- Probability, Induction and Decision Theory.- Philosophical Applications of Kolmogorov's Complexity Measure.- Towards a Mechanization of Real-life Decisions.- The Hypothesis of Nash Equilibrium and its Bayesian Justification.- History of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science.- The Ontological Foundations of Bolzano's Philosophy of Mathematics.- Anticipations of Progress: Historical Evidence for a Realist Epistemology.- Mathematical Reasoning and Pragmatism in Peirce.- Logic in Transition: The Logic Calculi of Hilbert (1905) and Zermelo (1908).- The Idea of Structureless Points and Whitehead's Critique of Einstein.- Ethics of Science and Technology.- Epistemic Honesty.- In Defence of Science.- Foundations of Logic, Mathematics and Computer Science.- What is Structuralism?.- The Limits of Formalization.- Ontologic Versus Epistemologic: Some Strands in the Development of Logic, 18371957.- Foundations of Physical Sciences.- Outcome Dependence and Stochastic Einstein Nonlocality.- A Path from Watt's Engine to the Principle of Heat Transfer.- Practical Reasoning in the Foundations of Quantum Theory.- Symmetries in the Physical Sciences.- Holes in theHole Argument.- The Cognitive Status of the Reconstruction of Mechanisms in Modern Organic Chemistry. The Reconstruction of the Mechanism of the Acidic Hydrolysis of Nucleosides.- Foundations of Biological Sciences.- Darwinism and the Moral Status of Animals.- Mereology, Set Theory, Biological Ontology.- Simplicity in Theory-Construction and Evaluation: The Case of the Chromosome Theory of Mendelian Inheritance.- Foundations of Cognitive Science and AI (Including Computational Perspectives in Psychology).- The Alleged Autonomy, of Psychology and the Social Sciences.- Foundations of Linguistics.- Plural Reference and Unbound Pronouns.- What is Logical Form?.- On an Argument Against Semantic Compositionality.