Fundamental problems of the uses of formal techniques and of natural and instrumental practices have been raised again and again these past two decades, in many quarters and from varying viewpoints. We have brought a number of quite basic studies of these issues together in this volume, not linked con ceptually nor by any rigorously defined problematic, but rather simply some of the most interesting and even provocative of recent research accomplish ments. Most of these papers are derived from the Boston Colloquium for the Philosophy of Science during 1973-80, the two exceptions being those of Karel Berka (on scales of measurement) and A. A. Zinov'ev (on a non-tradi tional theory of quantifiers). Just how intriguing these results (or conjectures?) seem to us may be seen from some brief quotations: (1) Judson Webb: " . . . . the abstract machine concept has many of the appropriate kinds of properties for modelling living, reproducing, rule following, self-reflecting, accident-prone, and lucky creatures . . . the a priori logical results relevant to the abstract machine concept, above all Godel's, could not conceivably have turned out any better for the mechanist. " (2) M. L. Dalla Chiara: " . . . modal interpretation (of quantum logic) shows clearly that it possesses a logical meaning which is quite independent of quantum mechanics. " (3) Isaac Levi: (as against Peirce and Popper) " . . . infallibilism is con sistent with corrigibilism, and a view which respects avoidance of error is an important desideratum for science.

Inhalt
Scales of Measurement.- Some Logical Problems Suggested by Empirical Theories.- Comments on 'Some Logical Problems Suggested by Empirical Theories' by Professor Dalla Chaiara.- A Methodology without Methodological Rules.- Truth, Fallibility and the Growth of Knowledge.- Fallible Is as Fallible Does: Comments on Professor Levi's Paper.- Knowledge in Pursuit of Knowledge A Few Worries: Comments on Professor Levi's Paper.- Response to Scheffler.- Response to Margalit.- Rejoinder to Levi's Reply.- A Category-Theoric Approach to Systems in a Fuzzy World.- Natural Languages and Formal Languages and Formal Languages: A Tenable Dualism.- The Problem of Vague Predicates.- Peirce and Pearson: Pragmatism vs. Instrumentalism.- Theory of Propensity: A New Foundation of Logic.- Gödel's Theorems and Church's Thesis: A Prologue to mechanism.- The Non-traditional Theory of Quantifiers.- Dialogue: How Do We Know What Others Mean and Why?.- Towards a Richer Theory of Dialogue: Comments of Professor Rivetti Barbòs Paper.- Index of Names.