The Molecular Immunology of Complex Carbohydrates

During the past three decades, the sugar moiety of complex carbohydrates has been found to be involved in important interactions of immunological specificity of antigens and to participate in a variety of cellular functions. The long polysaccharide side chains of the lipopolysaccharides on the outer membrane of Gram negative organisms provide surface antigens for differential serodiagnosis. Bacterial surface lectins are important in mediating the attachment of bacteria to host cells in the of infectious diseases. The carbohydrate pathogenesis moieties of cell surface glycoconjugates (glycoproteins and glycolipids) of mammals are the sites for intercellular recognition and for the regulatory molecular interactions such as interaction of complex carbohydrate with hormones or hepatic lectins. The carbohydrate side chains of many complex carbohydrates play essential roles as antigenic determinants b of human blood group ABH, Lea, Le , I, and i activities, as the Forssman specific determinant, and as tumor associated antigenic determinants. Prompted by these and other advances in the field, a Symposium on Molecular Immunology of Complex Carbohydrates was organized as a satellite meeting of the 8th International Glycoconjugate Conference held on September 8- 13, 1985, in Houston, Texas, U. S . A. Many eminent scientists contributed their knowledge at this meeting. The lecture and poster materials of the symposium are contained in this proceeding book, which is divided into four Sections and one Appendix. Section I is entitled Antibody Specificity, Epitope, and Lectinology. Dr. Elvin A.

Inhalt
I. Antibody Specificity, Epitope and Lectinology.- I-1 Antibody Combining Sites: How Much of the Antibody Repertoire are We Seeing? How does it Influence Our Understanding of the Structural and Genetic Basis of Antibody Complimentarity?.- I-2 Sialic Acids as Antigenic Determinants of Complex Carbohydrates.- I-3 Blood Group Active Haptens in Urine and Faeces.- I-4 The Separation of Immunocyte Subpopulations by Use of Various Lectins.- I-5 Mannose-binding Proteins of Animal Origin.- I-6 Sialic Acid and N-Acetylgalactosamine Specific Bacterial Lectins of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC).- I-7 Interaction of Viruses, Bacteria and Bacterial Toxins with Host Cell Surface Glycolipids. Aspects on Receptor Identification and Dissection of Binding Epitopes.- I-8 Membrane Glycoproteins and Plant and Animal Proteins with Lectin or Lectin-like Properties.- I-9 Differential Binding Properties of GalNAc and/or Gal Specific Lectins.- II. Complex Carbohydrates as Antigens.- II-l Antigenic Properties of Human Erythrocyte Glycophorins.- II-2 Carbohydrate Structures as ONCO-Developmental Antigens and Components of Receptor Systems.- II-3 Chemistry of Human Erythrocyte Polylactosamine Glycopeptides (Erythroglycans) as Related to ABH Blood Group Anitgenic Determinants.- II-4 Blood Group Antigens and the Enzymes Involved in their Synthesis: Past and Present (Abstract).- II-5 Structural Concepts of the Human Blood Group A, Lea, Leb, I, and i Active Glycoproteins Purified from Human Ovarian Cyst Fluid.- II-6 Biochemistry and Lectin Binding Properties of Mammalian Salivary Mucous Glycoproteins.- II-7 New Trends in Ganglioside Chemistry.- II-8 Structural Aspects of Blood Group Glycosphingolipids in the Gastrointestinal Tract.- II-9 Chemically Modified Capsular Polysaccharides as Vaccines.-II-10 Structural and Immunochemical Aspects of Brucella Abortus Endotoxins.- II-11 Chemical and Immunochemical Studies on Lipopolysaccharides of Coxiella Burnetii Phase I and Phase II.- II-12 Structural Comparisions of Streptococcus pneumonaiae Specific Polysaccharides of Group 9 (9N, 9V, 9L, 9A) Related to the Choice of Vaccine Components (Abstract).- II-13 Elucidation and Comparison of the Chemical Structures of the Specific Capsular Polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae Groups 11 (11F, 11B, 11C, 11A) (Abstract).- II-14 Application of Two Dimensional NMR Methods to the Structural Elucidation of Complex Polysaccharide Antigens. The Structure of the Capsular Polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 22F (Abstract).- II-15 Structural and Immunochemical Investigations on Snail Galactans (Abstract).- III. Glycoconjugates as Cancer/or Tumor Antigens.- III-l Tumor-Associated Blood Group Antigen Expressions and Immunoglobulins Associated with Tumors.- III-2 The Chemical Basis for Expression of the Sialyl-Lea Antigen.- III-3 Glycoconjugates and Tumor Metastasis.- III-4 Glycolipids and Glycoproteins in Plasma Membrane of Hepatocellular Cancer.- III-5 Cancer-Associated Carbohydrate Antigens in Mucins (Abstract).- III-6 N-Glycolylneuraminic Acid-Containing Gangliosides as a Tumor Associated Antigen in Human: Expression of Hunganutziu-Deicher Antigen Active Gangliosides on Human Colon Carcinoma and Melanoma Tissues (Abstract).- IV. Structural Analysis of Hapten Moiety of Complex Carbohydrate Antigens.- IV-1 Structural Elucidation of Complex Carbohydrates.- IV-2 Analysis of Complex Carbohydrate Primary and Secondary Structure Via Two-Dimensional Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.- IV-3 Structural Studies on the Carbohydrate Chains of Glycoproteins (Abstract).- IV-4 The Use of Enzymes for Structural Determination of Complex Carbohydrates.- IV-5 Mass Spectrometry of Hexosamine Containing Oligosaccharides as Permethylated N-Trifluoroacetyl Derivatives.- IV-6 Immunochemical Analysis of Lipopolysaccharides with 2-D Gel Electrophoresis and Monoclonal Antibodies (Abstract).- A-1 A Guide for Carbohydrate Specificities of Lectins.- Contributors.